Tình hình nhiễm vi nấm trong một số dược liệu dạng quả sấy khô đang lưu hành ở Quận 5, Tp. Hồ Chí Minh

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Tác giả: Quang Hạnh Thư Lê, Minh Thành Từ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ - Đại học Nguyễn Tất Thành, 2020

Mô tả vật lý: tr.73

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 324835

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Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá mức độ nhiễm nấm trong một số dược liệu dạng quả sấy khô. Tiến hành khảo sát 58 mẫu của 8 loại dược liệu dạng quả phổ biến gồm câu kỉ tử, hắc kỉ tử, ngũ vị tử, đại táo, táo mèo, nhàu, long nhãn và sơn thù thu gom từ khu vực chợ thuốc đông y ở Quận 5, Tp. Hồ Chí Minh. Các chi nấm phổ biến trong các mẫu khảo sát bao gồm Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor/Rhizopus và một số chi nấm sợi màu. Kết quả có 19 mẫu dược liệu vượt quá giới hạn về độ ẩm cho phép chiếu theo các chuyên luận riêng về dược liệu của Dược điển Việt Nam V
21 mẫu dược liệu có độ nhiễm nấm vượt quá 500 CFU/g gồm hắc kỉ tử, ngũ vị tử, nhàu và đặc biệt là long nhãn. 6/8 mẫu long nhãn có độ nhiễm cao, đáng chú ý là mẫu long nhãn cơ sở C và E có độ nhiễm vượt quá 104 CFU/g - tương ứng là (34 x 104 và 12,3 x 103) CFU/g. Một số mẫu ở cơ sở A, B và I có độ ẩm cao nhưng độ nhiễm nấm dưới 10 CFU/g và có một số dấu hiệu bất thường về cảm quan gợi ý tình trạng sử dụng thuốc nhuộm, chất bảo quản, pH sản phẩm thay đổi,… Hơn 60 % mẫu khảo sát có nhiễm nấm men, gặp nhiều ở ngũ vị tử, câu kỉ tử, nhàu, long nhãn,… nhưng không tiến hành định danh. Trong 35 mẫu nhiễm nấm mốc có 25 mẫu nhiễm cả nấm men. Sự hiện diện của Trichoderma và vi nấm sợi màu trong dược liệu gợi ý tình trạng phơi sấy hoặc để dược liệu trên nền đất vì đây là các vi nấm phổ biến trong đất.The aim of our study was to explore fungal contamination in 58 samples belonging to 8 types of dried ripe fruit herbals consisting of Fructus Lycii (Lycium barbarum L. fruit, goji berry), Lycium ruthenicum Murr. fruit (goji nero), Fructus Schisandrae chinensis, Fructus Ziziphi jujubae, Docynia indica Wall. fruit, Fructus Morindae citrifoliae, Arillus Longan, and Fructus Corni officinalis. We found 21 samples with heavily fungal contamination over 500 CFU per gram , observed in Lycium ruthenicum Murr. fruit, Fructus Schisandrae chinensis, Fructus Morindae citrifoliae, and especially Arillus Longan. According to the Vietnam pharmacopeia (5th Edition), 22 samples were classified to be highly contaminated by moisture. Especially, 6/8 of the Arillus Longan samples presented fungal contamination over 10,000 CFU/g, specifically those in C and E stalls (34 x 104 and 12,3 x 103 CFU/g respectively). Some samples in A and B stalls had high moisture but low fungus contamination of under 10 CFU/g and some organoleptic irregularities, suggesting the presence of dye, preservatives, changes in pH levels, etc. Yeast appeared in 60 % of the samples such as Fructus Lycii, Fructus Schisandrae chinensis, Fructus Morindae citrifoliae, and Arillus Longan, but they were not identified. There were 35 samples which were contaminated with mold, of which 25 samples were co-infected with yeast. The most predominant mold genus encountered were Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Mucor/Rhizopus. Besides, Trichoderma and some genus of phaeohyphomycosis have been detected in several samples. This result suggested that these samples might be exposed to the contaminant sources, such as being left on the ground during processing or storage.

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