With close to three million teachers, Indonesia has one of the largest and most diverse cadres of teachers in the world. The evolving nature of its education system and the increasingly complex challenges facing individual teachers and the teaching profession as a whole are of immense importance to the nation's future development. In 2005 the Indonesian government approved a comprehensive Teacher and Lecturer Law that radically reformed the nation's teacher management and development process. This book explores this uniquely comprehensive reform by focusing on the nature of Indonesia's teaching profession before and after the Teacher Law
the educational and political economy context of the law
the structures, strategies, and processes that arose from the law including a comprehensive system of teacher appraisal and salary increases which effectively doubled the income of certified teachers
the political and economic factors which distorted the reform process
its impact on teacher knowledge, skills, and motivation and student outcomes
and the (in)efficiencies derived from the reform in terms of the system's financing and the distribution of its teachers. This book's framework promotes an approach to teacher reforms through improving the nature of recruitment into the profession
pre-service education
induction, mentoring, and probation
formal certification
continuing professional development
teacher performance appraisal
and ongoing career development. It should therefore be of particular interest to Ministries of Education and development agencies contemplating similar comprehensive reforms. The lessons and recommendations from this analysis include the following: • The doubling of teacher income has increased the status of the teaching profession and attracted better candidates to apply to teacher training institutions. • The mere fact of certification and the consequent doubling of teacher income have not achieved the better teaching and learning that was expected. • A quality assurance framework needs to be put in place from the beginning of any reform process. • The costs of extending the certification program to all teachers are associated with significant trade-offs within the education sector. Estimates suggest that spending on teacher compensation will need to absorb a much larger share of the education budget and require reductions in spending in other areas.