Reducing Water Loss in Developing Countries Using Performance-Based Service Contracting

• Tác giả: William D Kingdom
• Ngôn ngữ: eng
• Ký hiệu phân loại: 628.7 Sanitary engineering for rural and sparsely populated areas
• Thông tin xuất bản: World Bank, Washington, DC, 2012
• Bộ sưu tập: Tài liệu truy cập mở
• ID: 326472
• Chủ đề: 1. ACCESS TO WATER; 2. ACCESS TO WATER SUPPLY; 3. CALIBRATION; 4. CAPACITY BUILDING; 5. CASH FLOW

Tóm tắt

A major challenge facing water utilities in the developing world is reducing water loss caused by leakage, theft, and improper billing. The difference between the amount of water put into the distribution system and that billed to consumers is known as Non-Revenue Water (NRW). The worldwide cost of NRW is conservatively estimated at 5 billion/year. More than a third of losses occur in the developing world, where some 45 million