Tác động dài hạn của bụi mịn Pm2.5 đến số ca tử vong chung tại TP.HCM năm 2018

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Tác giả: Thị Giang Đinh, Đào Thiên Ân Nguyễn, Ngọc Nhật Thanh Nguyễn, Trường Viên Nguyễn, Hoàng Thuỳ Dung Phan, Ngọc Đăng Trần, Thị Thuỳ Dung Trương

Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Y tế Công cộng, 2020

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Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 330095

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Background: Air pollution is a risk factor for non-contagious diseaseswith an estimated 7 million deaths per year1. The average concentration of dust in 24 hours per year through 2013 to 2017 in Ho Chi Minh City exceeded the WHO standard's value limits. Methodology: The study aims to build the PM2.5 spatial concentration map and assess the long-term health impact of PM2.5 on all-cause mortality (heart, respiratory, lung cancer, respiratory cancer, etc.) in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam 2018. We conducted a health impact assessment (HIA) study with collecting various types of data, including national community mortality (named as A6 mortality)
geographic data, population, and environmental monitoring using low-cost sensors AirBeam2. Result: 29.176 deaths from all causes were included in this study in which PM2.5 was considered to have a long-term impact on 1.770. We found an increase of 1μg/m3 in PM2.5 in yearly concentration was associated with an increase of 45 people of all-cause deaths. Conclusion: The study provided scientific evidence on the significant long-term health effects of PM2.5 on people living in Ho Chi Minh City. Precautions are necessary to protect people's health and minimize the burden of mortality caused by PM2.5.Thông tin chung: Ô nhiễm không khí là một yếu tố nguy cơ đối với các bệnh không lây với ước tính gây ra 7 triệu người chết mỗi năm1. Nồng độ bụi trung bình 24 giờ tại Tp.HCM qua các năm từ 2013 đến 2017 đều vượt mức tiêu chuẩn cho phép của WHO. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu xây dựng bản đồ PM2.5 và đánh giá tác động sức khỏe dài hạn của ô nhiễm bụi PM2.5 đến gánh nặng tử vong tại Tp.HCM năm 2018. Thiết kế nghiên cứu đánh giá tác động sức khỏe, sử dụng dữ liệu đa nguồn bao gồm dữ liệu hồi cứu tử vong A6/YTCS
dữ liệu địa lý, dân số và quan trắc thực địa môi trường có sử dụng thiết bị cảm biến chi phí thấp AirBeam2. Kết quả: 29.176 ca tử vong tại Tp.HCM do tất cả các nguyên nhân được đưa vào nghiên cứu trong đó PM2.5 được cho là có tác động dài hạn đến 1.770 ca tử vong. Nhóm nghiên cứu nhận thấy, khi tăng nồng độ PM2.5 lên 1g/m3 thì số ca sử vong do tất cả nguyên nhân tăng 45 người. Kết luận: Tác động dài hạn của PM2.5 tại Tp. HCM là đáng kể. Cần áp dụng các biện pháp phòng ngừa phù hợp để bảo vệ sức khỏe người dân và giảm thiểu gánh nặng tử vong do tác động dài hạn của PM2.5 gây ra.

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