Ảnh hưởng của lưu lượng thượng lưu và hình thái sông lên xâm nhập mặn ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long

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Tác giả: Thi Phuong Mai Nguyen, Sameh Ahmed Kantoush, Duc Thang Tang, Tetsuya Sumi

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Kỹ thuật Thủy lợi và Môi trường, 2020

Mô tả vật lý: tr.10

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 330151

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In recent years, i.e., in 2016 and 2020, large-scale saltwater intrusion has been causing shortage of freshwater for domestic and agricultural uses in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Therefore, sufficient understanding of the impact factors on saltwater intrusion in the delta is important for water resources management. This paper examines the effects of reduced water flow by upstream dams’ operation and river bed incision on saltwater intrusion in the Mekong Delta. In that regard, long-term water flow at two upstream hydrology stations from 1980 to 2020 and river bed incision from 2009 to 2017 were analyzed. Then, one-dimensional hydrodynamic and advection-dispersion model was used to compare salinity concentration and intrusion length between three scenarios. The results indicated that the influence of river flow on saltwater intrusion is more significant than that of river bed incision. When river flow at Kratie reduced by 14,4%, the highest salinity concentration (S) and intrusion length (L) increased by 17.4% and 10.5%, respectively. While, river bed incised by 0.88m for the next four years, S and L increased by 2.8% and 1.67%, respectively.Trong những năm gần đây, đặc biệt là năm 2016 và 2020, xâm nhập mặn trên diện rộng là nguyên nhân chính của thiếu nước ngọt cho sinh hoạt và nông nghiệp ở Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long. Do đó, sự hiểu biết đầy đủ và chính xác những yếu tố tác động đến xâm nhập mặn trên đồng bằng là thực sự rất quan trọng cho các nhà quản lý tài nguyên nước. Bài báo phân tích những ảnh hưởng do sự suy giảm lưu lượng thượng lưu từ vận hành của các hồ chứa thượng nguồn và sự hạ thấp đáy sông lên xâm nhập mặn ở ĐBSCL. Thông qua phân tích chuỗi số liệu mực nước và lưu lượng các trạm thượng nguồn từ năm 1980 đến 2020 và số liệu địa hình đáy sông năm 2009 và 2017. Sau đó sử dụng mô hình MIKE11- HD-AD để so sánh nồng độ mặn và chiều dài xâm nhập mặn giữa các kịch bản. Các kết quả thể hiện rằng nồng độ mặn bị ảnh hưởng bởi lưu lượng thượng nguồn nhiều hơn là địa hình đáy sông. Khi lưu lượng tại trạm Kratie giảm 14,4% nồng độ mặn lớn nhất (S) và chiều dài xâm nhập (L) tăng 17,4% và 10,5% tương ứng. Trong khi địa hình đáy sông bị hạ thấp 0.88m cho kịch bản 4 năm tới thì S và L tăng có 2.8% và 1.67% tương ứng.

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