PHƯƠNG ÁN QUẢN LÝ NƯỚC THẢI CÓ NGUỒN GỐC TỪ HỆ THỐNG LỌC VÒNG MỞ TẠI CẢNG BIỂN VIỆT NAM

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Tác giả: THANH VIỆT NGÔ, THANH TUẤN PHẠM, ANH TUẤN TRẦN

Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Công nghệ Hàng hải, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: tr.106-112

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ID: 330936

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Thực hiện nghĩa vụ và quyền hạn của quốc gia thành viên Phụ lục VI Công ước về ngăn ngừa ô nhiễm môi trường từ tàu (Marpol), Việt Nam đã áp dụng nhiều biện pháp để giảm thiểu khí thải phát sinh từ tàu thuyền. Các biện pháp được các tàu sử dụng như sử dụng dầu nhiên liệu có hàm lượng lưu huỳnh thấp
hoặc lắp đặt hệ thống làm sạch khí thải (EGC)
hoặc pha trộn dầu nhiên liệu với hàm lượng lưu huỳnh cao với dầu nhiên liệu có hàm lượng lưu huỳnh thấp hơn hàm lượng lưu huỳnh cần thiết để đạt được dầu nhiên liệu tương thích [1]. Trong số các biện pháp đang được thực hiện, thì phần lớn các chủ tàu lựa chọn sử dụng thiết bị lọc khí thải vòng mở do các ưu điểm về khả năng tương thích cao, thời gian lắp đặt nhanh chóng, giá thành thấp,… nhưng mặt khác cũng phát sinh các vấn đề về quản lý nước thải phát sinh trong quá trình vận hành. Nước biển sau khi được đưa vào thiết bị lọc khí xả sẽ qua thiết bị lọc để thải vào môi trường, biến đổi điôxít lưu huỳnh thành axít sulphuric và Hydrocacbon thơm đa vòng (PAH) có khả năng gây ung thư, tác động xấu đến sức khỏe con người, sinh vật và môi trường sống. Vì vậy cần thiết phải có phương án để quản lý và hạn chế nước thải phát sinh từ hệ thống lọc vòng mở tại cảng biển Việt Nam, đặc biệt tại các khu vực có mật độ đông dân cư hay các khu vực nhạy cảm về môi trường.To fulfill the obligations of the Member states in Annex VI of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (Marpol), Vietnam has applied many measures to reduce emissions from ships. Measures were taken by ships such as the use of low sulfur fuel oil, or install an exhaust gas cleaning system (EGC), or blending a high sulfur fuel oil with a lower sulfur fuel oil to achieve a compatible fuel oil [1]. Among the measures being taken, the majority of shipowners choose to use open-loop exhaust gas scrubbers due to the advantages of high compatibility, quick installation time, low cost... On the other hand, there are also problems with wastewater management arising during operation. Seawater, after being put into the scrubber, will pass through and discharge into the environment, converting sulfur dioxide into sulfuric acid and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which have the potential to cause cancer, affect the health of humans, animals, and the environment adversely. Therefore, it is necessary to have a plan to manage and limit wastewater generated from open-loop scrubbers in Vietnamese seaports, especially in densely populated areas or environmentally sensitive areas.

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