CHƯƠNG TRÌNH MỖI XÃ MỘT SẢN PHẨM (OCOP) TẠI VIỆT NAM: TỪ LÝ THUYẾT ĐẾN CHÍNH SÁCH VÀ TRIỂN KHAI THỰC TIỄN

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Tác giả: Thị Huê Hoàng, Văn Hiếu Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Tài nguyên và Môi trường, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: tr.76-92

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 331942

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Được chính thức triển khai trên phạm vi toàn quốc từ năm 2018, chương trình “mỗi xã một sản phẩm” (One Commune, One Product - OCOP) được xem là một công cụ quan trọng của Việt Nam để phát triển kinh tế khu vực nông thôn theo hướng phát huy nội lực và gia tăng giá trị. Dựa trên kinh nghiệm của Nhật Bản và Thái Lan, trọng tâm của chương trình này là phát triển 06 nhóm sản phẩm/dịch vụ có lợi thế ở mỗi địa phương theo chuỗi giá trị, do các thành phần kinh tế tư nhân (doanh nghiệp, hộ sản xuất) và kinh tế tập thể thực hiện. Nhà nước đóng vai trò kiến tạo. Từ đó thực hiện mục tiêu “không ai bị bỏ lại phía sau” mà Chính phủ Việt Nam đề ra. Sau 3 năm triển khai, hệ thống tổ chức thực hiện đã được phân cấp từ Trung ương đến địa phương. Trong giai đoạn 2018 - 2020, tổng hợp nguồn vốn triển khai chương trình OCOP tại Việt Nam là 22.845 tỷ đồng (khoảng 1 tỷ USD). Chương trình này đã giúp tạo công ăn việc làm, nâng cao thu nhập thông qua sản xuất và kinh doanh các sản phẩm và dịch vụ có lợi thế
hình thành, tái cấu trúc và nâng cao năng lực các hợp tác xã, doanh nghiệp ở vùng nông thôn từ đó làm cho người dân, thông qua góp vốn vào các hợp tác xã, doanh nghiệp, trở thành chủ nhân của quá trình phát triển. Tuy nhiên, bên cạnh những kết quả đạt được, quá trình thực hiện vẫn còn tồn tại một số hạn chế liên quan đến (i) tổ chức bộ máy triển khai
(ii) thực hiện chu trình OCOP 6 bước do Việt Nam xây dựng
(iii) năng lực của chủ thể tham gia OCOP
(iv) tiếp cận tín dụng
và (v) chất lượng sản phẩm.The "One Commune - One Product" (OCOP) program, widely applied in Vietnam since 2018, is a vital approach for rural economic development in the direction of promoting internal resources and adding value. Based on the experience of Japan and Thailand, the center of this program is to develop 6 sets of products/services that have advantages in each locality along the value chain, led by private economic sectors (enterprises, production households) and collective economy. The State plays a constructive role. This will achieve the national goal of "no one is left behind". The implementation organization system has been devolved from central to local after three years of implementation. In 2018-2020, the total capital to conduct the OCOP program was 22,845 billion VND (about 1 billion USD). The program has created jobs and increased income through producing and selling advantageous products and services. The program also contributes to form, restructure and improve the capacity of cooperatives and enterprises in rural areas, allowing people those have capital to cooperatives and enterprises become owners of the development process. Despite positive outcomes, the implementation of the program still have limitations in terms of (i) the organization
(ii) implementation of the Vietnam's 6-step OCOP cycle
(iii) the capacity of the OCOP parties
(iv) access to credit
and (v) product quality.

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