Các hiệp định thương mại tự do và vấn đề tận dụng ưu đãi thuế quan của doanh nghiệp Việt Nam

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Đào tạo Ngân hàng (Tên mới: Tạp chí Kinh tế - Luật và Ngân hàng), 2018

Mô tả vật lý: tr.45666

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ID: 333524

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This article studies the current status and gives suggestions to improve the utilization rates of tariff preferences in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) by Vietnamese enterprises. Over the years, Vietnamese government has made enormous effort to engage itself in a number of multilateral and bilateral FTAs with a view to boosting competitive power of Vietnamese merchandise and increasing the opportunities for its goods to get access to more foreign markets. However, the fact reveals that current level of FTA tariff preferences utilization by Vietnamese companies has not met the expectation. This article systemizes, analyzes, and consolidates the reasons why those enterprises have not made good use of tariff preferences in FTAs
therefrom, offers recommendations to help increase such utilization rates. The suggestions include (i) a much tighter cooperation among Vietnamese enterprises, industry associations and functioning authorities is essential so that the enterprises will be provided with information, assistance and guidance to meet requirements in FTAs as well as other matters on utilizing tariff preferences
(ii) Vietnamese companies themselves should be more active in searching for and updating information and knowledge of FTAs as well as their preferences in order to make better use of them
(iii) business strategies of Vietnamese enterprises should be adapted in order to achieve a higher chance of satisfying the rules of origin of specific FTAs
(iv) a long-term plan to develop areas producing domestic materials and accessories is needed to ensure the grant of future FTAs’tariff preferences to Vietnamese companies (especially those in industries currently dependent heavily on imported materials and accessories).Trong các năm qua, Chính phủ Việt Nam đã nỗ lực tham gia vào các hiệp định thương mại tự do (FTA) đa phương và song phương với mục đích gia tăng sức cạnh tranh cho hàng hóa Việt Nam, đồng thời tạo cơ hội đưa sản phẩm nước nhà đến nhiều thị trường ngoài nước hơn nữa. Tuy nhiên, thực tế cho thấy mức độ tối ưu hóa lợi ích thuế quan từ các FTA của các doanh nghiệp Việt lại chưa tương xứng với kỳ vọng được đặt ra. Bài viết nghiên cứu thực trạng tận dụng ưu đãi thuế quan từ các Hiệp định thương mại tự do (FTA) của doanh nghiệp Việt Nam, hệ thống hóa, phân tích, tổng hợp các nguyên nhân khiến doanh nghiệp chưa thể tận dụng các ưu đãi thuế từ các FTA để từ đó đưa ra các gợi ý giúp nâng cao cơ hội sử dụng các Hiệp định thương mại tự do để tiếp cận thị trường thế giới và làm gia tăng sức cạnh tranh của hàng hóa Việt. Các gợi ý bao gồm (i) doanh nghiệp, hiệp hội ngành và các cơ quan chức năng cần thiết lập sự hợp tác chặt chẽ hơn nhằm phổ biến, hỗ trợ, hướng dẫn doanh nghiệp các quy định trong FTA và những vấn đề liên quan đến tối ưu hóa lợi ích thuế quan từ FTA
(ii) doanh nghiệp cần tích cực, chủ động hơn trong việc tìm kiếm, cập nhật thông tin, kiến thức về FTA cũng như các ưu đãi được hưởng để sử dụng hiệu quả hơn
(iii) doanh nghiệp nên áp dụng những chiến lược kinh doanh phù hợp hơn để nâng cao khả năng đáp ứng các tiêu chuẩn về quy tắc xuất xứ của từng FTA
(iv) cần có kế hoạch dài hạn phát triển các khu vực sản xuất nguyên phụ liệu trong nước nhằm đảm bảo khả năng được hưởng ưu đãi thuế quan từ các FTA trong tương lai của DN Việt Nam (đặc biệt là DN phụ thuộc nhiều vào nguyên phụ liệu nhập khẩu).

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