Nghiên cứu tạo bộ chủng xạ khuẩn bản địa có khả năng phân giải Lindane nhằm hướng tới tạo chế phẩm sinh học xử lý đất tồn dư thuốc trừ sâu để phục vụ sản xuất nông nghiệp an toàn

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Kiểm nghiệm và An toàn thực phẩm, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: tr.183-195

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 333540

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ɤ- hexachlorocyclohexan (Lindane hay đồng phân ɤ -HCH) là một trong những loại thuốc trừ sâu được sử dụng rộng rãi trong nông nghiệp sau năm 1945. Do những tác hại với sức khỏe của Lindane, năm 2005, UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme - Chương trình môi trường liên hợp quốc) đã quyết định ngăn chặn sự ô nhiễm của Lindane trên toàn thế giới. Tuy nhiên, với chu kỳ bán rã tương đối dài nên việc xử lý lượng Lindane tồn dư trong đất nông nghiệp gặp rất nhiều khó khăn. Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là phân lập, tuyển chọn những chủng xạ khuẩn bản địa có khả năng phân giải Lindane nhằm phát triển chế phẩm sinh học có tác dụng loại phân giải Lindane tồn dư trong đất nông nghiệp một cách an toàn và thân thiện với môi trường. Các phương pháp phân lập xạ khuẩn cơ bản đã được áp dụng kết hợp với một số phương pháp phân lập định hướng đánh giá khả năng sinh trưởng của xạ khuẩn trên các môi trường có và không có Lindane. Khả năng phân giải Lindane của các chủng xạ khuẩn cũng được đánh giá dựa trên tốc độ loại ion clorua trong cơ chất. Các chủng xạ khuẩn đáng lưu ý sau đó được nghiên cứu các đặc điểm sinh học như hình thái, các đặc tính sinh lý sinh hóa, và một số hoạt tính chuyển hóa liên quan đến quá trình phân giải Lindane. Kết quả thu được 9 chủng xạ khuẩn có khả năng phân giải Lindane phân lập từ những mẫu đất ở các nông trường tại Nghệ An có hàm lượng Lindane cao. Đặc biệt, 02 chủng xạ khuẩn A119 và LD02 thuộc chi Streptomyces có hiệu suất phân giải Lindane tốt nhất dựa trên khả năng loại ion clorua đã được nghiên cứu sâu hơn về đặc điểm sinh học và được định danh.Pesticide residues in the soil are a huge threat to agriculture. ɤ- hexachlorocyclohexan (Lindane or isomer ɤ -HCH) is one of the pesticides widely used in agriculture after 1945. Due to the harmful effects on health of Lindane, UNEP (United Nations Environment) Program - United Nations Environment Program) decided to stop the pollution of Lindane worldwide in 2005. However, with a long half-life, it is very difficult to control residual Lindane in soils. The purpose of this study is to isolate and select actinomycete strains capable of degrading Lindane in order to develop a biological product that can remove residual Lindane in agricultural soil in a safe and environmental-friendly manner. Basic actinomycete isolation methods have been applied in combination with a number of oriented isolation methods to evaluate the growth ability of actinomycetes on media with and without Lindane. The ability to degrade Lindane of actinomycetes was also evaluated based on the rate of chloride ion removal in the substrate. The remarkable actinomycetes were then studied for biological characteristics such as morphology, biochemical and physiological properties, and some metabolic activities related to the degradation of Lindane. We obtained 9 actinomycetes capable of decomposing Lindane isolated from soil samples in farms in Nghe An. Among them, the two strains A119 and LD02 belonging to the genus Streptomyces displayed the best Lindane degradation performance based on their chloride ion removals. They were further studied for their biological characteristics and eventually identified.

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