THỰC TRẠNG ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA BIẾN ĐỔI KHÍ HẬU ĐẾN HOẠT ĐỘNG TRỒNG TRỌT CỦA NGƯỜI HMÔNG VÀ DAO Ở XÃ NẬM CHẢY, HUYỆN MƯỜNG KHƯƠNG, TỈNH LÀO CAI

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học - Trường Đại học Thủ đô Hà Nội: Khoa học Xã hội và Giáo dục, 2020

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Bài viết tập trung tìm hiểu về ảnh hưởng của biến đổi khí hậu (BĐKH) tới hoạt động trồng trọt của người Hmông và Dao ở xã Nậm Chảy, huyện Mường Khương, tỉnh Lào Cai và những ứng phó của họ nhằm giảm thiểu rủi ro, thiệt hại. Nghiên cứu cho thấy, trong khoảng 10 năm trở lại đây, sự thay đổi bất thường của khí hậu như nắng nóng, mưa đá, lũ lụt, rét đậm, sạt lở đất, sương muối,... là những yếu tố gây thiệt hại nặng nề nhất đến hoạt động trồng trọt, đặc biệt là suy giảm diện tích, chất lượng đất cũng như năng suất và sản lượng cây trồng. Trước bối cảnh đó, người Hmông và Dao đã ứng phó bằng cách chuyển đổi cơ cấu cây trồng, đổi mới kỹ thuật trong canh tác, thay đổi lịch mùa vụ và thủy lợi, đẩy mạnh các sản phẩm hàng hóa, tăng cường sự hỗ trợ trong cộng đồng để tăng thu nhập và giảm thiểu những thiệt hại do thiên tai gây ra. Tuy nhiên, do đặc điểm địa hình và điều kiện tự nhiên khó khăn nên công tác ứng phó với BĐKH ở xã Nậm Chảy còn đối mặt với nhiều thách thức, nhất là nguồn tài chính hạn hẹp
quỹ đất canh tác ngày càng khan hiếm
giá cả nông sản bấp bênh
một bộ phận người dân chưa phát huy được sự năng động, linh hoạt trong chuyển đổi sinh kế. Từ thực trạng nghiên cứu, bài viết đề xuất một số nhóm giải pháp về thể chế, chính sách
về khoa học - công nghệ và về tuyên truyền, giáo dục nhằm góp phần nâng cao năng lực thích ứng với BĐKH trong hoạt động trồng trọt của người Hmông và Dao tại địa bàn nghiên cứu.The article focuses on investigating the effect of climate change on farming activities of Hmong and Dao people in Nam Chay commune, Muong Khuong district, Lao Cai province and their responses to minimize those risks and damages. The research shows that, in the past 10 years, extreme weather and climate change such as heat waves, hail, flood, severe cold snap, landslide, and hoarfrost are factors that cause some biggest impacts on farming activities, especially the decrease in cultivated surface, soil quality as well as productivity and crop output. The Hmong and Dao have responded to this situation by switching crop, innovating farming techniques, changing crop calendar and irrigation schedule, promoting commodity products, and extending community support to increase income and reduce damages caused by natural disasters. However, due to difficult terrain and unfavourable natural conditions, responses to climate change in Nam Chay commune still face many challenges including particularly limited financial resources, increasedscarce arable land, volatile agricultural product prices, and the lagging behind of a part of the people in promoting the dynamism and flexibility of livelihood transformation. From the current situation, the article proposes a number of solutions on institution and policy, on science - technology, and on propaganda and education to improve the capacity to adapt climate change in terms of cultivation activities of the Hmong and Dao people in the research area.

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