Quá trình điện cực bằng dòng một chiều (DC) cao áp với plasma điện hóa và các ứng dụng công nghệ

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Tác giả: Đức Hùng Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Trường Đại học Quy Nhơn, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: tr.15

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 334439

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Với điện áp cao một chiều, các phản ứng điện hóa vẫn có thể được thực hiện ngay cả trong nước cất có độ dẫn điện rất thấp. Ion kim loại từ phản ứng hòa tan ở anot có thể phản ứng với khí hiđro được tạo thành từ catot trong môi trường nước để tạo thành kim loại
rồi nguyên tử kim loại tương tác tiếp tục bằng lực Van der Walls để tạo nên các hạt nano kim loại. Các quá trình phản ứng trên các điện cực để chế tạo dung dịch nano kim loại được kiểm soát bằng điện áp cao một chiều, khoảng cách giữa các điện cực anot với catot và độ dẫn của môi trường. Các đặc tính của dung dịch nano bạc kim loại như phổ UV-Vis, hình dạng hạt TEM, phân bố kích thước hạt, thế zeta cũng như khả năng diệt khuẩn đã được xác định và chứng minh. Sản phẩm thu được có độ tinh khiết cao do dung dịch nano không chứa các ion Na+, NO3- cũng như các sản phẩm phản ứng và chất ổn định khác nên có thể ứng dụng cho nhiều đối tượng mà không ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe con người. Ngoài bạc, các kim loại khác như Au, Cu, Fe, .. cũng có thể được chế tạo ở dạng nano bằng công nghệ DC cao áp. Môi trường khí được tạo ra trên điện cực bằng phản ứng điện hóa cao áp một chiều với điện trường lớn và hiệu điện thế cao cũng như tác dụng đốt nóng của môi chất sẽ là điều kiện thích hợp để chuyển từ trạng thái khí sang trạng thái plasma. Dấu hiệu cho thấy sự hiện diện của plasma điện hóa là sự phát sáng trên điện cực cũng như cường độ dòng điện tăng đột biến theo thời gian. Cũng có thể điều khiển thời gian xuất hiện plasma điện hóa khi thay đổi các thông số công nghệ phản ứng điện hóa cao áp. Trạng thái plasma điện hóa sẽ tạo ra H2O2 và các gốc tự do như OH• có khả năng phản ứng mạnh. Điều đó được sử dụng để xử lý các chất gây ô nhiễm nước như 2,4-D hoặc 2,4,5-T thành sản phẩm cuối cùng là CO2 rất hiệu quả, đặc biệt trên điện cực Fe thêm phản ứng Fenton. Tương tự, nước thải dệt nhuộm có xanh metylen cũng như nước thải sinh hóa bệnh viện nồng có độ cao cũng có thể được xử lý cho kết quả tôt bằn DC cao áp với plasma điện hóa.With high DC voltage, electrochemical reactions can still be carried out even in distilled water with very low conductivity. Metal ions from the dissolution reaction at the anode can react with formed hydrogen gas from the cathode in aqueous medium to form metal and then interact for metal nanoparticles. The reaction processes on the electrodes to make metal nanoparticle solutions are controlled by high DC voltage, distance between anode and cathode electrodes and conductivity of the medium. The properties of metallic silver nanosolutions such as UV-Vis spectrum, TEM particle shape, particle size distribution, zeta potential as well as bactericidal ability have been determined and demonstrated. The obtained product has high purity because the nano solution does not contain Na+, NO3- ions as well as other reaction products and stabilizers, so it can be applied to many objects without affecting human health. In addition to silver, other metals such as Au, Cu, Fe, Al, etc. can also be fabricated in nano form by DC high-voltage technology. The gaseous environment created on the electrode by a DC high-voltage electrochemical reaction with a large electric field and high potential difference as well as the heating effect of the medium will be the right conditions to switch from the gaseous state to the plasma state. Indications of the presence of electrochemical plasma are the glow on the electrode as well as the amperage that spikes with time. It is also possible to control the electrochemical plasma appearance time when changing the DC high-voltage electrochemical reaction technology parameters. The electrochemical plasma state will generate H2O2 and free radicals such as OH• which are highly reactive. That is used to treat water contaminants like 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T into the final product CO2 very efficiently, especially on Fe electrode adding Fenton reaction. Similarly, methylene blue textile dyeing wastewater as well as high concentration hospital biochemical wastewater can also be treated with good results by high pressure DC with electrochemical plasma.

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