Một số nhận định ban đầu về nguyên nhân gây mất ổn định bờ sông ở huyện Châu Thành tỉnh Hậu Giang

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Tác giả: Trung Hiếu Cao, Văn Duy Đinh, Lavane Kim, Tấn Phát Lâm, Thái An Nguyễn, Văn Tỷ Trần

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khí tượng Thủy văn, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: tr.57-73

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 334536

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Riverbank instability not only causes great loss of life and property of residents living in the erosion area but also causes indirect damage to the environment. There have been many studies on large rivers such as Tien and Hau rivers to find out the causes of riverbank instability. In small rivers and canals, the instability of riverbanks still occurs and the damage caused large damage, but limited studies were investigated for these cases. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the stability of the riverbanks in Mai Dam river and Xeo Choi canal in Chau Thanh district, Hau Giang province. Google Earth remote sensing images from 2006 to 2019 were used to assess the current status of riverside construction and erosion. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the impact levels of factors that cause riverbank instability. A field survey was then conducted to verify AHP results, thereby riverbank stability was calculated. The survey and analysis results show that geology is the most affecting factor among the factors, and in combination with the encroaching construction of riversides to protection buffer areas, it creates the surcharge load reducing the stability coefficient of the riverbank. Besides, the curvature and flow velocity are also the causes of riverbed erosion and deformation, leading to an increase in the stiff slope which affects riverbank stability. Research results using the AHP method and field survey can be extended to other areas in the Mekong Delta to analyze riverbank stability.Sự mất ổn định bờ sông không chỉ gây thiệt hại lớn về tính mạng và tài sản của cư dân sống trong khu vực bị sạt lở mà còn gây ra những thiệt hại gián tiếp đến môi trường. Đã có nhiều nghiên cứu ở khu vực các sông lớn như sông Tiền và sông Hậu để tìm ra những nguyên nhân mất ổn định. Tại các sông rạch nhỏ sạt lở vẫn diễn ra và thiệt hại gây ra vẫn rất lớn nhưng lại chưa có nhiều nghiên cứu cho các trường hợp này. Do đó nghiên cứu này được thực hiện để phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến ổn định mái bờ sông Mái Dầm và rạch Xẻo Chồi tại huyện Châu Thành, tỉnh Hậu Giang. Nghiên cứu sử dụng ảnh viễn thám Google Earth giai đoạn từ năm 2006 đến năm 2019 để đánh giá hiện trạng xây dựng và sạt lở ven sông. Phương pháp phân tích thứ bậc (Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP) được sử dụng để xác định mức độ tác động của các yếu tố gây mất ổn định bờ sông. Sau đó tiến hành khảo sát thực địa để kiểm chứng kết quả AHP, từ đó tính toán ổn định bờ sông. Kết quả khảo sát và phân tích cho thấy địa chất là yếu tố tác động mạnh nhất trong các yếu tố, kết hợp với việc xây dựng lấn chiếm hành lang bảo vệ sông rạch tạo ra tải trọng làm giảm hệ số ổn định của mái bờ. Bên cạnh đó, độ cong và lưu tốc dòng chảy cũng là nguyên nhân gây xói lở và biến dạng lòng sông, dẫn đến tăng độ dốc mái bờ, ảnh hưởng đến ổn định bờ sông. Kết quả nghiên cứu sau khi áp dụng phương pháp AHP và khảo sát thực địa có thể mở rộng áp dụng cho các khu vực khác thuộc Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long để phân tích ổn định của bờ sông.

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