Promoting the role of women and implementing gender equality are the issues that have been long raised by the Communist Party of Vietnam. Since the promulgation of the Law on Gender Equality (2006), more attention has been paid to improving the role of women and acknowledging gender equality in society, especially in the political sector. The Party and the State have also issued policies and guidelines, as well as setting targets and measures to gradually address gender inequality in all socio-political spheres. However, in reality, the results of such efforts fall short of expectations. Based on statistics and findings from a number of studies, this paper comments on the participation of women in the political system and people-elected bodies, as well as referring to how the role they play and their status can be improved in the future.