ĐÁNH GIÁ MỨC ĐỘ HẠN HÁN BẰNG CHỈ SỐ THIẾU HỤT DÒNG CHẢY VÙNG HẠ LƯU ĐỒNG BẰNG SÔNG CỬU LONG

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Tác giả: Thị Bính Đỗ, Phương Anh Nguyễn, Đức Thiện Trần

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Tài nguyên và Môi trường, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: tr.46-52

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 335775

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The Mekong river delta region comprises of 13 provinces and cities with a total area of about 40,600 km2. The population in the region is approximately 21.49 million, accounting for nearly 22 % of the Vietnamese population. It is a strategically important region of particular political, economic, cultural and social importance. It is the largest rice field in Viet Nam and also the area that provides a large amount of aquatic, seafood and agricultural products for national consumption and exports. However, during the dry season, the low flow from the upstream combined with rising sea tide significantly causes seawater intrusion into the farmland, which results in difficulties in the livelihood and production of local people. Almost every year, the Mekong delta region is also severely affected by a strong magnitude of drought. From 2013 to 2020, the Mekong delta region is greatly affected by drought in a large area, which continues for a long time. Recently, there have been many studies on the causes of drought and factors affecting drought and hydrology, such as the deficiency of upstream flow and the low water level, etc. This article presents the research results on the deficiency index of flow at hydrological stations in the lower Mekong delta with the results of drought classification according to 05 levels as normal, medium, light, severe and very severe drought for the months of the dry season. Conducting drought classification as a basis for research to provide more classification criteria for disaster risk assessment in the downstream area.Vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long (ĐBSCL) bao gồm 13 tỉnh, thành phố trực thuộc Trung ương với tổng diện tích khoảng 40,6 nghìn km2
dân số vùng khoảng 21,49 triệu người, chiếm gần 22 % dân số cả nước là vùng chiến lược đặc biệt quan trọng về chính trị, kinh tế, văn hoá, xã hội,... Đây được coi là vựa lúa lớn nhất của nước ta, đồng thời là khu vực cung cấp một lượng lớn thủy, hải sản và nông sản cho tiêu dùng và xuất khẩu. Tuy nhiên, vào mùa cạn, nước từ thượng nguồn về thấp, thủy triều dâng, mang nước mặn xâm nhập sâu vào nội đồng, gây khó khăn cho sinh hoạt và sản xuất. Hầu như năm nào, vùng ĐBSCL cũng chịu tác động nặng nề của những đợt hạn hán lớn. Trong giai đoạn từ năm 2013 - 2020, vùng ĐBSCL chịu ảnh hưởng lớn của hạn hán xảy ra trên diện rộng, liên tục và kéo dài, trong đó nguyên nhân gây hạn chủ yếu là do thiếu hụt dòng chảy thượng lưu, sự hạ thấp mực nước. Bài báo trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu về chỉ số thiếu hụt về dòng chảy tại các trạm thủy văn khu vực hạ lưu ĐBCSL với kết quả phân cấp hạn theo 05 cấp độ bình thường, hạn vừa, hạn nhẹ, hạn nặng và hạn rất nặng cho các tháng mùa khô, từ kết quả phân cấp hạn làm cơ sở nghiên cứu để bổ sung thêm các tiêu chí phân cấp rủi ro thiên tai cho vùng hạ lưu.

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