NGHIÊN CỨU ỨNG DỤNG BIG DATA - VIỄN THÁM TRONG XÂY DỰNG BẢN ĐỒ CHẤT LƯỢNG KHÔNG KHÍ AQI 24H KHU VỰC HÀ NỘI

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Tác giả: Thị Phương Thảo Đỗ, Khánh Tường Vân Vũ, Thị Phương Thảo Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Tài nguyên và Môi trường, 2022

Mô tả vật lý: tr.129-140

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 335783

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Air pollution is directly related to dust and harmful chemical components in the form of gases in the air such as CO, SO2, NO2, CH4, etc. Air quality monitoring is currently being carried out by various methods such as direct observation via measuring stations, indirect monitoring (via satellite data, UAV, etc). However, each method of air quality monitoring has its advantages and disadvantages: Direct monitoring methods are often high reliable, but the display is only local, representing a small area
While indirect methods such as using remote sensing data have the advantage of large coverage, showing relatively clear trends in spatial distribution of air quality, but it has the limitation of the frequency of monitoring and reliability. The goal of this paper is to develop a map of the AQI 24h air quality index by combining direct and indirect monitoring data to generating a new technical solution with manyadvantages than technical separates. However, this combination is currently facing difficulties in data processing, especially the spatial and temporal synchronization of the two data sources. To achieve this goal, we have developed a solution to handle Big data - remote sensing in monitoring some gas components in the air
On that basis, develop algorithms and tools on Google Earth Engine platform to build AQI 24h index map of Hanoi. The results show that the Big data - remote sensing application solution has provided new technical solution that can monitor air quality on a large area, with near-real-time frequency and ensure reliability for monitoring at the city scaleÔ nhiễm không khí nói chung có liên quan trực tiếp đến bụi và các thành phần hóa chất độc hại dạng khí ga ở trong không khí như CO, SO2, NO2, CH4,…. Việc giám sát chất lượng không khí hiện nay đang được thực hiện bằng nhiều hình thức khác nhau như quan trắc trực tiếp thông qua các trạm đo, quan trắc gián tiếp (thông qua dữ liệu vệ tinh, UAV,…). Tuy nhiên, mỗi phương pháp quan trắc, giám sát chất lượng không khí hiện nay đều có ưu và nhược điểm: Phương pháp quan trắc trực tiếp thường có độ tin cậy cao, nhưng mang tính cục bộ, theo điểm mà không thể hiện hết được phân bố không gian trên một phạm vi
Trong khi phương pháp gián tiếp như sử dụng dữ liệu viễn thám có ưu điểm là phạm vi bao phủ rộng lớn, thể hiện được tương đối rõ xu hướng phân bố không gian của chất lượng không khí trên phạm vi nhất định nhưng có hạn chế là tần suất quan trắc thưa và độ tin cậy còn chưa cao. Mục đích của bài báo này là hướng đến việc xây dựng bản đồ chỉ số chất lượng không khí AQI 24h bằng cách kết hợp dữ liệu quan trắc trực tiếp và dữ liệu quan trắc gián tiếp để hình thành một giải pháp kỹ thuật mới có nhiều ưu điểm hơn các giải pháp kỹ thuật quan trắc riêng rẽ. Tuy nhiên, việc kết hợp này hiện nay đang gặp khó khăn trong việc xử lý dữ liệu, đặc biệt là đồng bộ về mặt không gian và thời gian của 02 nguồn dữ liệu. Để thực hiện được mục tiêu này, chúng tôi đã phát triển được giải pháp xử lý Big data - viễn thám trong giám sát một số thành phần khí độc hại trong không khí
Trên cơ sở đó phát triển thuật toán và công cụ trên nền tảng Google Earth Engine để xây dựng bản đồ chỉ số AQI 24h khu vực Hà Nội. Kết quả cho thấy giải pháp ứng dụng Big data - viễn thám đã xây dựng được phương pháp quan trắc chất lượng không khí trên diện rộng, với tần suất gần thời gian thực và đảm bảo độ tin cậy đối với việc giám sát ở quy mô thành phố.

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