Hiện trạng nguồn tài nguyên nước ngọt sử dụng tại cộng đồng vùng đệm Vườn Quốc gia U Minh Thượng

0 Người đánh giá. Xếp hạng trung bình 0

Tác giả: Lê Mỹ Hạnh Huỳnh, Văn Lợi Lý

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Đồng Tháp: Khoa học Tự nhiên, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.97-106

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 337523

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá hiện trạng sử dụng nguồn nước của hộ dân và phân tích mối quan hệ với dịch vụ điều tiết nước của hệ sinh thái Vườn quốc gia U Minh Thượng. Đề tài đã thực hiện 39 mẫu phỏng vấn sâu đối với hộ dân vùng đệm và cán bộ quản lý U Minh Thượng kết hợp với các dữ liệu đo đạc tại U Minh Thượng cũng như tham vấn ý kiến các chuyên gia có nhiều năm kinh nghiệm. Kết quả cho thấy nguồn nước mưa tại khu vực dư thừa vào mùa mưa (trung bình 280 mm/tháng) và có nguy cơ thiếu hụt vào mùa khô (trung bình 60 mm/tháng). Nguồn nước mặt được dự trữ trong các kênh, mương cũng khá dồi dào khoảng 5.248.055 m3. Nước ngầm có trữ lượng khá lớn với độ dày tầng chứa đạt tới 184,68 m. Sử dụng nước trong sinh hoạt chủ yếu từ nước ngầm (92%), nước sông (8%) và 5% kết hợp nước mưa và nước ngầm. Vẫn còn số ít hộ dân sử dụng nước ngầm phục vụ canh tác. Nguồn nước ngọt tại khu vực đang đối mặt với nhiều vấn đề như nước ngầm nhiễm phèn nặng, nước sông có dấu hiệu ô nhiễm hữu cơ vào mùa khô. Trước các tác động của biến đổi khí hậu thì vai trò điều tiết nước của hệ sinh thái đất ngập nước U Minh Thượng càng quan trọng giúp giảm ngập cục bộ vào mùa mưa, rửa mặn, làm sạch dòng sông sớm vào cuối mùa khô. Tuy nhiên, để tăng cường hiệu quả cung cấp các dịch vụ hệ sinh thái, U Minh Thượng cần lồng ghép tính toán cân bằng nước cho cả khu vực vùng đệm.The study was aimed at assessing the current status of household water use and analyzing the relationship with water regulation services of the ecosystem of U Minh Thuong National Park. The study conducted 39 samples of in-depth interviews with households in the buffer zone and U Minh Thuong managers combined with secondary data in the park as well as consulting experts with many years of experience. The results show that rainwater in the area is redundant in the rainy season (average 280 mm/month) and at risk of shortage in the dry season (average 60 mm/month). Surface water stored in canals and ditches is also quite abundant, about 5,248,055 m3. Groundwater has a large volume with aquifer thickness reaching 184.68 m. Domestic water use is mainly from groundwater (92%), river water (8%), and 5% combination of rainwater and groundwater. A few households use groundwater for farming. Fresh water sources in the area are facing many problems such as groundwater contaminated with alum, river water prone to organic pollution in the dry season. Under the context of climate change impacts, the role of water regulation of the wetland ecosystem in U Minh Thuong is crucial to help reduce local flooding in the rainy season, wash salt water, and clean up the river early at the end of the dry season. However, in order to enhance the efficiency of providing ecosystem services, U Minh Thuong needs to integrate the calculation of water balance for the entire buffer zone.

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