CƠ CHẾ SINH LÝ CỦA PHẢN ỨNG STRESS Ở NGƯỜI

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Tác giả: Hiền Nguyễn Thị Thu, Nguyễn Bình Phương

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học - Đại học Thủ Dầu Một, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.32-40

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 337600

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In this review, we report on studies evaluating the effects of endogenous and exogenous increases in stress hormones on human cognitive performance, human stress response mechanisms to maintain homeostasis under conditions of real or perceived stress. This goal is achieved through a mechanism of autoregulation closely related to the central and peripheral clocks by the nervous and endocrine systems. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) is an important regulatory pathway in the maintenance of these homeostatic processes. Cortisol as the end product of this pathway is secreted in a dynamic pattern, with changes in pulse amplitude producing a biological pattern. During periods of acute stress, cortisol levels rise and stability is maintained. During chronic stress, hypothalamic pituitary activation changes from the predominant corticotropin-releasing hormone to arginine vasopressin, and cortisol levels are increased by decreased cortisol metabolism. Acutely elevated cortisol levels are beneficial for promoting survival in healthy individuals as part of the body's response. However, chronic exposure to stress reverses beneficial effects, with long-term exposure to cortisol possibly leading to problems including metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, disorders mental health, cardiovascular disease and increased susceptibility to infection. This article also discusses neuroendocrine regulation in pathological states and glucocorticoid-based therapies.Trong bài tổng quan này, chúng tôi báo cáo về các nghiên cứu đánh giá tác động của sự gia tăng nội sinh và ngoại sinh của hormone căng thẳng đối với hoạt động nhận thức của con người, cơ chế phản ứng căng thẳng của con người để duy trì cân bằng nội môi trong điều kiện căng thẳng thực sự hoặc cảm nhận. Mục tiêu này đạt được thông qua cơ chế tự điều hòa liên quan chặt chẽ với đồng hồ trung tâm và ngoại vi bằng hệ thống thần kinh và nội tiết. Trục hạ đồi - tuyến yên - thượng thận (trục HPA) là một con đường điều tiết quan trọng trong việc duy trì các quá trình cân bằng nội môi này. Cortisol là sản phẩm cuối cùng của con đường này được tiết ra theo mô hình động, với những thay đổi về biên độ xung tạo ra mô hình sinh học. Trong giai đoạn căng thẳng cấp tính, nồng độ cortisol tăng lên và tính ổn định được duy trì. Trong tình trạng căng thẳng mãn tính, sự hoạt hóa của tuyến yên ở vùng dưới đồi thay đổi từ hormone giải phóng corticotropin chiếm ưu thế sang arginine vasopressin và nồng độ cortisol tăng lên do giảm chuyển hóa cortisol. Mức độ cortisol tăng cấp tính có lợi cho việc thúc đẩy sự sống sót của những người khỏe mạnh như một phần phản ứng trả lời của cơ thể. Tuy nhiên, tiếp xúc mãn tính với căng thẳng dẫn đến đảo ngược các tác động có lợi, với việc tiếp xúc với cortisol lâu dài có thể dẫn đến các vấn đề bao gồm hội chứng chuyển hóa, béo phì, ung thư, rối loạn sức khỏe tâm thần, bệnh tim mạch và tăng tính nhạy cảm nhiễm trùng. Bài báo này cũng thảo luận về điều chỉnh nội tiết thần kinh trong các trạng thái bệnh lý và liệu pháp điều trị dựa trên glucocorticoid.

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