Đặc điểm thực vật học cây Nhàu Morinda citrifolia L., họ Cà phê (Rubiaceae).

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Tác giả: Văn Quốc Huy Hồ, Bảo Ngân Lâm, Văn Út Lê, Hồng Hương Hạ Lý, Thị Bích Ngọc Võ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ - Trường Đại học Bình Dương, 2023

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Background: Morinda citrifolia L. is a medicinal herb used in traditional medicinefor the treatment of antioxidant, anti-inflammationand immune system booster. Themorphological and anatomical characteristics serve as the basis to distinguish Morinda citrifoliaL. and to examine the plant. However, not many documents related to morphology and anatomyof this species have been recorded or studied in Vietnam. Objectives: Investigation ofmorphological, anatomical, plant powder characteristics and preliminary screening ofphytochemical constituents of Morinda citrifolia L. Methods: Fresh plants of Morinda citrifoliaL would be collected for analyzing. Photographs of the samples are used to describe themorphological and anatomical characteristics of the plant. Plant powder was observed by amicroscope. Preliminary phytochemical screening. Results: Tree trunk, a height from 4 - 8meters. Leaves are simple and opposite. Flowers are even, hermaphroditic, pattern 5. Doublenut. Root anatomy has thick cork layer, wood 2 occupies the center. Body is square, calciumoxalate crystals are gathered into bundles. Leaf anatomy: the upper cuticle is slightly convex,the cutin layer is thin. Leaf powder: cuticle is slight, bicellular stomata. Fruit powder: Soft tissueflakes, pods. The chemical composition in the fruit contains many essential oils, coumarins,cardiac glycoside. Noni leaves contain fat, carotenoids, coumarins, tannins. Conclusion: Themorphological and anatomical characteristics of Morinda citrifolia L. help to identify thisspecies more exactly.Đặt vấn đề: Cây Nhàu (Morinda citrifolia L.) được sử dụng nhiều với các tác dụngnhư chống oxy hóa, kháng viêm và tăng cường hệ miễn dịch. Các đặc điểm hình thái và giảiphẫu là cơ sở để nhận diện và kiểm nghiệm loài Nhàu. Tuy nhiên, chưa có nhiều tài liệu nghiêncứu về hình thái và giải phẫu loài này ở Việt Nam. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Các đặc điểm hìnhthái, giải phẫu và bột dược liệu của cây Nhàu, góp phần nhận dạng đúng loài cây Nhàu, đồngthời khảo sát sơ bộ thành phần hóa học trong bột của cây nhằm phục vụ cho ngành dược. Đốitượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Thu thập mẫu cây tươi của Nhàu. Phân tích, mô tả các đặcđiểm hình thái và giải phẫu. Soi bột dược liệu. Sơ bộ thành phần hóa thực vật. Kết quả: Câythân gỗ, cao 4 – 8m. Lá đơn, mọc đối, lá kèm. Hoa đều, lưỡng tính. Quả hạch kép. Rễ có lớpbần dày, gỗ 2 chiếm tâm. Thân vuông, tinh thể calci oxalat hình kim. Lá có biểu bì trên hơi lồi,lớp cutin mỏng. Bột lá có: mảnh biểu bì, lỗ khí kiểu song bào. Bột quả có: mảnh vỏ quả, hạttinh bột hình cầu. Quả chứa nhiều tinh dầu, coumarin, glycosid tim
lá Nhàu chứa chất béo,carotenoid, coumarin, tanin. Kết luận: Các đặc điểm hình thái, giải phẫu và các cấu tử đặc trưngtrong bột dược liệu của cây Nhàu giúp nhận dạng và kiểm nghiệm chính xác loài.

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