Đánh giá tác động của biến đổi sử dụng đất đến tính bền vững sinh kế nông dân trồng lúa tỉnh An Giang

0 Người đánh giá. Xếp hạng trung bình 0

Tác giả: Thị Ngọc Tươi Huỳnh, Đức Thiện Nguyễn, Đức Dũng Trần, Hoàng Thái Dương Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khí tượng Thủy văn, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.36-55

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 339462

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá tác động của thay đổi mục đích sử dụng đất đến mức độ tổn thương sinh kế của nông dân trồng lúa tỉnh An Giang. Phân tích dựa trên việc kết hợp kỹ thuật giải đoán ảnh viễn thám và phương pháp đánh giá tổn thương sinh kế Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI)
Livelihood Vulnerability Index – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (LVI–IPCC) và phương pháp điều tra xã hội học 120 nông dân trồng lúa và 10 cán bộ quản lý. Kết quả cho thấy việc thay đổi mục đích sử dụng đất đã phá vỡ tính bền vững sinh kế của nông dân trồng lúa tỉnh An Giang (LVI = 0,395 và LVI–IPCC = –0,023). Trong giai đoạn 2010–2020, tỷ lệ diện tích không ngập nước của tỉnh trong mùa lũ tăng 18,24% tương ứng diện tích lúa vụ ba tăng 17,63%. Mặc dù hệ thống đê bao ngăn lũ đã giúp tăng diện tích canh tác lúa vụ ba, nhưng nông dân sử dụng phân bón và thuốc trừ sâu ngày càng nhiều để đảm bảo năng suất lúa khi không còn phù sa vào đồng. Hậu quả là môi trường đất và nước ngày càng thoái hóa và ô nhiễm dẫn đến sinh kế của họ ngày càng thiếu bền vững. Kết quả nghiên cứu góp phần đề xuất những giải pháp tổng thể trong công tác khuyến nông tại địa phương, cũng như là nguồn tài liệu hữu ích cho những nghiên cứu có liên quan tại tỉnh An Giang và vùng ĐBSCL.This study assesses the impact of land use change on the vulnerability of rice farmers’ livelihood in An Giang province (AGP) of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). We applied a mixed method of remote sensing data analysis with the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and LVI – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (LVI–IPCC) to understand how land use changed over the period of 2010–2020 and its relationship to flooded area and farmers’ livelihood sustainability. Specifically, MODIS images were processed, and a social survey was conducted to interview 120 rice farmers and 10 local officials. Results show that the province’s flooded area increased by 18.24% during the flood season due to three seasonal rice practice under dike protection, corresponding to an increase of 17.63% of the third–rice cropping area. Land use change has increased the livelihood vulnerability of farmers with the LVI = 0.395 and LVI–IPCC = –0.023. Although the dike–based system has increased the area for third–rice cropping cultivation, farmers overused fertilizers and pesticides to maintain rice yields since fertile sediment has not been deposited in rice fields. As a result, the soil and water environment are degraded and polluted, making many farmers’ livelihoods vulnerable. Our findings provide valuable empirical evidence for proposing agricultural management solutions for not only AGP but also the VMD towards sustainable development.

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