ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆN TRẠNG SỬ DỤNG VÀ DƯ LƯỢNG THUỐC BẢO VỆ THỰC VẬT TRÊN MỘT SỐ LOẠI RAU HUYỆN GIA LÂM, THÀNH PHỐ HÀ NỘI

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Tác giả: Trường Sơn Cao, Thị Bích Hà Nguyễn, Thị Cúc Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ - Đại học Thái Nguyên, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.44-52

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 339901

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Nghiên cứu được thực hiện tại xã Văn Đức, huyện Gia Lâm, thành phố Hà Nội nhằm đánh giá thực trạng sử dụng thuốc bảo vệ thực vật trong sản xuất rau an toàn và dư lượng của thuốc bảo vệ thực vật trên một số loại rau. Hai phương pháp chính được sử dụng trong nghiên cứu là phỏng vấn nông hộ và lấy mẫu rau phân tích dư lượng thuốc bảo vệ thực vật. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, người dân sử dụng 33 thuốc bảo vệ thực vật gồm 18 thuốc trừ sâu, 7 thuốc trừ bệnh, 4 thuốc trừ cỏ, 2 thuốc kích thích sinh trưởng và 2 thuốc dẫn dụ côn trùng. Tỉ lệ thuốc hóa học chiếm tỉ lệ cao hơn (66,7%) so với thuốc sinh học (33,3%). Việc xác định thời điểm phun thuốc đúng lúc chỉ chiếm 37,8% số hộ. Liều lượng pha thuốc cơ bản được tuân thủ cũng như đảm bảo thời gian cách ly trước thu hoạch. Việc trang bị dụng cụ bảo hộ và thực hiện các nguyên tắc an toàn khi sử dụng thuốc bảo vệ thực vật của người dân còn hạn chế. Bao bì thuốc bảo vệ thực vật được đa số nông dân (94,4%) bỏ vào bể/thùng chứa theo quy định, được đóng bao, lưu giữ tạm thời tại nhà kho chuyên dụng và định kỳ vận chuyển đi xử lý 2 lần/năm. Kết quả phân tích 36 mẫu (18 loại rau ở 2 vụ), có 4 mẫu phát hiện dư lượng, chiếm tỉ lệ 11,1%, nhưng đều nằm trong khoảng cho phép theo tiêu chuẩn FAO.The study was carried out in Van Duc commune, Gia Lam district, Hanoi city to assess the current status of using plant protection products in safe vegetable production (RAT) as well as its residues on some vegetables, with 2 main methods: interviewing farmers and taking vegetable samples to analyze pesticide residues. The results of the study showed that people used 33 plant protection products, including 18 pesticides, 7 insecticides, 4 herbicides and 2 growth stimulants, and 2 insect repellents. The rate of chemical drugs is higher (66.7%) than biological drugs (33.3%). Determining the right time to spray only accounted for 37.8% of households. The basic drug dosage is followed as well as the pre-harvest isolation period. The farmer’s use of protection and awareness about pesticide risks is still inappropriate. The packaging of pesticides is assigned to the monitoring teams to collect from tanks/containers, pack them, and temporarily store them in a dedicated storage warehouse and transported them for disposal twice a year. Results of the analysis of 36 samples of vegetables, the percentage of samples detected residues was 4 samples, accounting for 11.1%. These residuals were in permitted ranges based on FAO’s standard.

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