Tỉ lệ hiện mắc lao cao và một số yếu tố liên quan ở người tiêm chính ma túy tại Hải Phòng

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Tác giả: Thị Giang Hoàng

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Sức khỏe, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.100

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 340199

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Người tiêm chích ma túy (NTCMT) là nhóm nguy cơ cao mắc lao. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang thực hiện trên 2 nhóm NTCMT có HIV dương tính và HIV âm tính từ một nghiên cứu thuần tập sử dụng phương pháp chọn mẫu dây chuyền có kiểm soát (Responding Driven Sampling) tại Hải Phòng năm 2018 nhằm xác định tỉ lệ hiện mắc lao và một số yếu tố liên quan trên đối tượng nguy cơ cao này. Có 885 đối tượng nghiên cứu được sàng lọc lao bằng bộ câu hỏi triệu chứng lao. Nếu có bất kì triệu chứng nào, họ sẽ tiếp tục được chụp XQ phổi và xét nghiệm đờm bằng kĩ thuật Xpert MTB/RIF để chẩn đoán xác định lao. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy phần lớn NTCMT là nam (>
92.3%), trung vị tuổi của nhóm HIV âm tính và HIV dương tính lần lượt là 42,5 (IQR 35.0 - 50.0) và 41.0 (IQR 37.0 - 45.0). Về đặc điểm sử dụng chất trong 6 tháng qua, có 64.7% NTCMT vẫn đang sử dụng heroin, 52,5% có hút đá và 63,2% đang điều trị Methadone. Tỉ lệ hiện mắc lao trên nhóm HIV dương tính là 2,3% (95% CI 1,0-4,5) và trên nhóm HIV âm tính là 2,1% (95%CI 0,8-4,2). Các yếu tố liên quan đến tỉ lệ mắc lao gồm có sống chung với bạn tình, bị bắt trong vòng 6 tháng qua, vô gia cư và hút đá. Cần có những can thiệp phù hợp về sàng lọc, điều trị lao cho NTCMT tại Hải Phòng.People who inject drugs (IDUs) are a high-risk group of tuberculosis (TB). A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 2 groups of IDUs with HIV positive and HIV negative from a cohort study using the Responding Driven Sampling-RDS in Hai Phong in 2018 to evaluate TB prevalence and some related factors in this high-risk population. There were 885 study subjects screened for TB using a TB symptom questionnaire. If there are any symptoms, they have been transferred to perform chest X-ray and sputum test using Xpert MTB/RIF technique to confirm TB diagnosis. The study results showed that the majority of IDUs were male (92.3%), the median age of HIV negative and HIV positive groups was 42.5 (IQR 35.0-50.0) and 41.0 (IQR 37.0-45.0), respectively. Regarding the characteristics of substance use in the past 6 months, 64.7% of IDUs were still using heroin, 52.5% were smoking ice and 63.2% were receiving Methadone treatment. TB prevalence in the HIV-positive group was 2.3% (95% CI 1.0-4.5) and in the HIV-negative group was 2.1% (95% CI 0.8-4.2). Factors associated with TB incidence include living with a sexual partner, being arrested within the last 6 months, homelessness, and smoking methamphetamine. Appropriate interventions are needed on TB screening and treatment for IDUs in Hai Phong.

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