NGUY CƠ CHÁY RỪNG PHÍA TÂY NAM HUYỆN KỲ SƠN, TỈNH NGHỆ AN - MỘT MÔ HÌNH TIẾP CẬN ĐA TIÊU CHÍ

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Tác giả: Thi Thu Nga Nguyen, Thi Hanh Tong

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Journal of Science and Technique: Section on Special Construction Engineering, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.7

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 340283

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Cháy rừng được coi là một trong những mối nguy hiểm phổ biến nhất ở các khu vực rừng núi, đe dọa nghiêm trọng đối với hệ động thực vật và con người. Bài báo sử sử dụng kỹ thuật phân tích hệ thống thông tin địa lý GIS ở khu vực phía Tây Nam của huyện Kỳ Sơn thuộc tỉnh Nghệ An, nơi có hàng ngàn hecta rừng tự nhiên phòng hộ đầu nguồn được chọn để tiến hành thực nghiệm. Các nhân tố được lựa chọn để thành lập bản đồ nguy cơ cháy rừng bao gồm 9 chỉ số: chỉ số khô hạn NDDI, nhiệt độ bề mặt, độ dốc, độ cao, khoảng cách đến đường giao thông, khoảng cách đến sông suối, khoảng cách đến nương rẫy, khoảng cách đến khu dân cư và hướng phơi. Kết quả xác định trọng số của các nhân tố theo kỹ thuật phân tích thứ bậc AHP cho thấy hạn hán và nhiệt độ bề mặt là hai nhân tố có ảnh hưởng lớn nhất đến chỉ số cháy rừng. Chỉ số tới hạn dẫn đến nguy cơ cháy rừng của chỉ số khô hạn là 0,2 - 0,4 mm và nhiệt độ bề mặt là 25 - 30°C. Diện tích có nguy cơ cháy cao chiếm tỉ lệ lớn nhất là 38% với diện tích 24519,78 ha, tiếp đến là nguy cơ cháy trung bình với 21012,48 ha chiếm 33% diện tích toàn khu vực nghiên cứu. Nguy cơ cháy cực kỳ cao chiếm diện tích nhỏ nhất với 1283,76 ha (2%). Mặc dù việc kiểm soát các đám cháy là rất khó khăn, song bản đồ nguy cơ cháy rừng có thể phát hiện các khu vực có rủi ro lớn hơn và giảm thiểu chúng. Vì vậy, việc lập bản đồ vùng có nguy cơ cháy rừng là cần thiết như một giải pháp bảo vệ rừng trước nguy cơ cháy rừng.Wildfires are considered one of the most common hazards in mountainous areas, posing a serious threat to flora, fauna, and humans. This article focuses on building a forest fire risk map based on GIS techniques in the southwest area of Ky Son district, Nghe An province. The selected factors to create the forest fire risk map include 9 indices: NDDI drought index, surface temperature, slope, elevation, distance to roads, distance to rivers and streams, distance to upland fields, distance to residential areas, and aspect. The results of determining the weights of these factors using the AHP hierarchical analysis technique show that drought and surface temperature are the two factors that have the greatest influence on the forest fire risk index. The limit values that lead to forest fire risks for the drought criterion are 0.2 - 0.4 mm and for the surface temperature criterion are 25 - 30°C. The area with high fire risk accounts for the largest proportion, 38%, covering an area of 24,519.78 ha, followed by the average fire risk with 21,012.48 ha, accounting for 33% of the entire study area. The area with extremely high fire risk occupies the smallest area, 1,283.76 ha (2%). While controlling wildfires is challenging, forest fire risk maps can detect areas with higher risk and mitigate them. Therefore, creating forest fire risk maps for the identified areas is necessary.

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