Đánh thực trạng liên quan đến bệnh lý đường hô hấp trên và cô nhiễm môi trường tại khu vực vịnh Bắc bộ

0 Người đánh giá. Xếp hạng trung bình 0

Tác giả: Thị Mai Bùi, Hữu Trường Hoàng, Minh Đạt Lê, Thị Bích Đào Phạm, Trần Anh Phạm

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Môi trường, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.45912

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 340567

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Air pollution has long become a burning issue worldwide and in Vietnam as one of the important risk factors affecting human health, especially upper respiratory diseases. To assess the current situation and the correlation between upper respiratory tract disease and air quality in the area adjacent to the Gulf of Tonkin region from 2017 to 2021, a research team from Hanoi Medical University and its collaborating units conducted the study of the current situation and the correlation between upper respiratory tract disease and air quality in 6 provinces/cities in the the area adjacent to Gulf of Tonkin: Hai Phong, Quang Ninh, Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Thanh Hoa from 2017 to 2021. Cross-sectional descriptive study, using air environment monitoring indicators and ICD-10 model of upper respiratory tract diseases of inpatients and outpatients in the above 6 provinces/cities from 2017 - 2021. The obtained results are data sets of air quality and models of upper respiratory tract diseases, from which the correlation between them can be processed by statistical and correlation analysis. The results show that the number of people with upper respiratory tract diseases was concentrated in the working age group (15 - 59 years old) (70%) and was lowest among children 0 - 4 years old (2%). Pharyngitis was the most common disease among 7 acute respiratory diseases (35.7%)
followed by nasopharyngitis (28.6%)
Acute otitis media was the lowest of the 7 diseases (nearly 7%). Hai Phong was the city with the highest number of patients with upper respiratory tract diseases, the lowest was Nam Dinh province. The number of patients with a single disease was predominant (67.1%), the number of patients with two or more diseases was high (30%). There was a strong correlation between CO concentration and pharyngitis in Thai Binh and laryngitis in Hai Phong. There was a significant correlation between NO2 and sinusitis in Thanh Hoa and a high correlation between tonsillitis, VA in Ninh Binh. There was a high correlation between TSP and laryngitis in Hai Phong and tonsillitis, VA in Ninh Binh. In conclusion, there was a significant relationship between air pollutants and upper respiratory tract diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures based on the disease model of the upper respiratory tract and air pollution characteristics in each area to protect citizen’s health.Ô nhiễm không khí (ÔNKK) từ lâu đã trở thành vấn đề nghiêm trọng trên toàn thế giới và Việt Nam, là một trong những yếu tố nguy cơ quan trọng nhất ảnh hưởng đến sức khỏe con người, đặc biệt là bệnh lý đường hô hấp trên. Để đánh giá thực trạng liên quan bệnh lý đường hô hấp trên và chất lượng môi trường không khí (MTKK) tại khu vực Vịnh Bắc bộ từ năm 2017 - 2021, nhóm nghiên cứu thuộc Trường Đại học Y Hà Nội và các đơn vị phối hợp đã thực hiện Nghiên cứu thực trạng liên quan đến bệnh lý đường hô hấp trên và chất lượng MTKK tại 6 tỉnh/thành phố khu vực Vịnh Bắc bộ, gồm: Hải Phòng, Quảng Ninh, Ninh Bình, Nam Định, Thái Bình, Thanh Hóa từ năm 2017 - 2021. Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang, sử dụng các chỉ số quan trắc MTKK và Mô hình các bệnh đường hô hấp trên theo ICD - 10 của bệnh nhân nội trú, ngoại trú tại 6 tỉnh/thành phố kể trên từ năm 2017 - 2021. Kết quả thu được là bộ dữ liệu chất lượng MTKK và mô hình các bệnh đường hô hấp trên, từ đó thực hiện phân tích thống kê và phân tích tương quan giữa chất lượng MTKK và bệnh đường hô hấp trên. Kết quả cho thấy, số người mắc các bệnh lý đường hô hấp trên tập trung ở nhóm tuổi trong độ tuổi lao động (15 - 59 tuổi) (70%) và thấp nhất ở nhóm trẻ từ 0 - 4 tuổi (2%). Viêm họng là bệnh phổ biến nhất trong 7 bệnh viêm đường hô hấp cấp (35,7%)
tiếp theo là viêm mũi họng (28,6%)
viêm tai giữa cấp tính chiếm tỷ lệ thấp nhất (gần 7%). Hải Phòng là thành phố có số lượng bệnh nhân mắc các bệnh đường hô hấp trên cao nhất, thấp nhất là tỉnh Nam Định. Số lượng bệnh nhân mắc một bệnh duy nhất là chủ yếu (67,1%)
số lượng bệnh nhân mắc từ hai bệnh trở lên ở mức cao (30%). Có mối tương quan chặt chẽ giữa nồng độ CO với viêm họng tại Thái Bình và viêm thanh quản tại Hải Phòng. Có mối tương quan rất cao giữa NO2 với viêm xoang tại Thanh Hóa và tương quan cao viêm amidan, VA tại Ninh Bình
có mối tương quan cao giữa TSP với viêm thanh quản tại Hải Phòng và viêm Amidan, VA tại Ninh Bình. Như vậy, kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy có mối liên quan giữa các chất ÔNKK và bệnh lý đường hô hấp trên. Do đó, cần có biện pháp dự phòng dựa theo tình hình mắc bệnh đường hô hấp trên và tình trạng ÔNKK tại từng địa bàn, bảo vệ sức khỏe người dân.

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