Adopting statistical, comparative, and experimental methods, this article discusses the marketization of translation in Vietnam. Part 1 of the article briefly presents the current situation of translation training as well as the shortcomings in public perceptions and practices in Vietnam. Part 2 argues that marketization is an inevitable path to professionalism as regards translation. Based on the analysis of the inadequacies and limitations of the domestic translation market, Part 2 also maps out a package of measures for achieving this objective, which involves establishing feasible codes and standards, developing a professional training system, building a quality assurance and evaluation system, promoting cooperation in information exchange and digitalization in translation, setting up a reasonable competitive system, changing public perception of translation, etc. These suggestions serve as a proper theoretical background for the marketization and professionalization of the translation trade in Vietnam.