Child labor is still a persistent problem in the world today, including Vietnam. The percentage of children in early labor according to statistics tends to increase after the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic worldwide. This situation causes many serious consequences for the children themselves, their families, and the social community. Faced with that situation, it is necessary to further improve the prevention and reduction of child labor. The social work profession has affirmed its advantages and effectiveness in preventing, supporting and intervening in difficult problems in schools. Social work activities in the prevention of child labor at schools will help retain students to stay in school and minimize the consequences of child labor, especially those related to the children themselves. Although this is a new approach, it will confirm certain effectiveness in the prevent ion and reduction of child labor from the perspective of social work. That is also the main issue discussed in the content of this article. The article is the result of collecting, analyzing, synthesizing and systematizing 26 prestigious and reliable documents, including reports on child labor in the world and in Vietnam, textbooks, published articles in international journals and conferences with peer review, publication, dissertations and dissertations related to the issue of social work in the prevention of child labor in Vietnam. Therefore, the overview of theoretical studies will help visualize the general picture of the approach, content and implementation of social work activities in the prevention of child labor, thereby creating an important premise for the implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of these activities in practice.