ĐÁNH GIÁ MỨC ĐỘ RỦI RO CỦA Ô NHIỄM KHÔNG KHÍ DO BỤI PM2.5 TỚI CỘNG ĐỒNG DÂN CƯ TẠI THÀNH PHỐ HÀ NỘI

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Tác giả: Vũ Khắc Đặng

Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học - Trường Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội: Khoa học Xã hội, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.3

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 341814

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In recent years, the situation of air pollution in Hanoi city is becoming more and more complicated and it becomes an issue of interest to the residential community. Among air pollutants, PM 2.5 is the highest pollutant and causes the greatest health threat due to its small dimension, which is easy to move deep into several parts of body. Therefore, monitoring air quality based on PM 2.5 concentration and assessing its level of risk will bring the considerable attention of all autority levels. GIS allows the superposition of data layers relating to the hazard level of air pollution index (AQI) due to PM2.5 and the vulnerability level for establishing the risk map of air pollution. The obtained results show that: The highest risk of air pollution due to PM2.5 is concentrated in a few central urban districts such as: Tay Ho, Hoang Mai, Cau Giay, Dong Da, Ha Dong, Bac Tu Liem - where many old people and childrens have concentrated. In contrast, some suburban districts such as: Gia Lam, Dong Anh, Ung Hoa, My Duc, Phu Xuyen, Thanh Oai, Thuong Tin, Ba Vi, Chuong My, Phuc Tho have the low and medium levels of risk due to PM 2.5. The risk map helps us to track more accurately with the full picture of the air pollution problem in Hanoi city because it can provide information of areas with a high air pollution level, while at the same time incorporating a high vulnerability level due to the presence of old people and children. This brings a deeper warning message to the community to deal with the current situation of air pollution.Trong những năm vừa qua, tình hình ô nhiễm không khí tại thành phố Hà Nội đang biến đổi ngày càng phức tạp. Trong các chất gây ô nhiễm không khí thì bụi PM 2.5 là thông số ô nhiễm cao nhất và gây ra mối đe dọa sức khỏe lớn nhất. Chính vì vậy, việc theo dõi chất lượng không khí trên cơ sở nồng độ PM2.5 và đánh giá mức độ rủi ro mà nó mang tới là vấn đề được sự quan tâm của các cấp quản lí. GIS cho phép chồng xếp các lớp dữ liệu liên quan tới mức độ nguy hiểm do ô nhiễm không khí và mức độ dễ bị tổn thương để xây dựng bản đồ mức độ rủi ro về ô nhiễm không khí. Kết quả cho thấy
mức độ rủi ro ô nhiễm không khí do bụi PM2.5 cao nhất tập trung trên địa bàn 1 số quận trung tâm như: Tây Hồ, Hoàng Mai, Cầu Giấy, Đống Đa, Hà Đông, Bắc Từ Liêm - nơi có đông người già và trẻ em. Trái lại, 1 số huyện ngoại thành như: Gia Lâm, Đông Anh, Ứng Hòa, Mỹ Đức, Phú Xuyên, Thanh Oai, Thường Tín, Ba Vì, Chương Mỹ, Phúc Thọ có mức độ rủi ro do ô nhiễm bụi PM 2.5 ở mức thấp và trung bình. Bản đồ mức độ rủi ro thu được giúp theo dõi chính xác hơn bức tranh toàn cảnh về vấn đề ô nhiễm không khí tại thành phố Hà Nội do cung cấp thông tin của những khu vực có mức độ nguy hiểm do ô nhiễm không khí cao, đồng thời kết hợp với yếu tố dễ bị tổn thương cao do sự hiện diện của người già và trẻ em. Điều này mang thông điệp cảnh báo kịp thời tới cộng đồng nhằm đối phó với tình trạng ô nhiễm không khí hiện nay.

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