NGHIÊN CỨU TẠO TẤM BIỂU MÔ HƯỚNG ĐẾN SỬ DỤNG TRONG CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP TỔN THƯƠNG MẤT DA

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Tác giả: Bình Nguyễn Thanh, Hiền Nguyễn Thị Thu, Hiền Nhan Ngọc, Nguyễn Khánh Hoà, Hoàng KC Hương, Huy Trần Anh, Kiệt Nguyễn Tuấn, Ngô Thái Minh Quân, Huỳnh Duy Thảo, Trần Thị Thanh Thuỷ

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học - Đại học Thủ Dầu Một, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.49-62

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 342113

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Amniotic membranes have been studied and applied for many years because they have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties, especially the ability to cause inadequate immune responses, which is one of the causes important for graft rejection. Therefore, amniotic membrane is one of the natural biological materials of great interest in many research and application fields. Recently, the amniotic membrane has been used as a scaffold in tissue engineering to create various types of tissue engineering grafts. Along with the continuous development of stem cell technology and the combination with tissue engineering, it is possible to develop grafts with the characteristics and functions necessary for the tissues that need regeneration. In this study, our research team used collagen membranes obtained from the amniotic membrane as a carrier for mesenchymal stem cells obtained from umbilical cord blood to create epithelial cell sheets aimed at applications in cases of skin damage. Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from cord blood and identified according to international standards (ISCT). These stem cells will then be transferred onto collagen membranes and epithelial sheets using a differentiation kit and specialized culture plates to create epithelial sheets. The results of epithelial sheet formation were evaluated by imaging analysis methods (H&E, TEM) and immunohistochemical staining methods (p63, keratin 1/10). Mesenchymal stem cells satisfy the ISCT criteria for stem cell identification, such as adhesion cell characteristics, the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes in vitro, as well as expression showing markers such as positive markers CD73, CD90, CD105, and negative for some markers CD14, CD45. The collagen membrane obtained from the amniotic membrane has removed the cells to become an acellular membrane to serve as a cell carrier. The epithelial cell sheet showed that the cells exhibited the characteristics of epithelial cells after differentiation (positive with somes markers such as p63, ck 1/10) and formed multiple layers of cells that closely resembled the features of the epithelial layer. The research team has successfully created epithelial cells with morphological and functional characteristics of epithelial cells. This research result has excellent application potential and is helpful in skin loss injuries such as burns and accidents when epithelial sheets are available for treatment.Màng ối đã được nghiên cứu và ứng dụng từ nhiều năm qua do chúng có những đặc tính như khả năng kháng viêm, kháng khuẩn, kháng virus, khả năng gây ra các đáp ứng miễn dịch thấp. Do đó, màng ối là một trong những vật liệu sinh học tự nhiên được sử dụng phổ biến trong lĩnh vực y học tái tạo. Sự kết hợp của công nghệ tế bào gốc và công nghệ mô đã tạo ra các loại mảnh ghép có cấu tạo và chức năng gần giống với các loại mô cần tái tạo. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi sử dụng màng collagen thu nhận từ màng ối làm giá thể mang các tế bào gốc trung mô thu nhận từ máu cuống rốn để tạo ra các tấm tế bào dạng biểu mô hướng đến ứng dụng trong các trường hợp tổn thương mất da. Tế bào gốc trung mô được thu nhận từ máu cuống rốn được định danh theo tiêu chuẩn quốc tế (ISCT), tế bào gốc này sau đó sẽ được chuyển lên màng collagen và tạo tấm biểu mô bằng cách sử dụng kit biệt hoá và đĩa nuôi cấy chuyên biệt. Kết quả tạo tấm biểu mô được đánh giá bằng các phương pháp phân tích hình ảnh (H&E, Trichrome, TEM), phương pháp nhuộm hoá mô miễn dịch (p63, keratin 1/10). Các tế bào gốc trung mô thoả mãn các tiêu chí của ISCT để định danh tế bào gốc như là đặc điểm tế bào bám dính, tiềm năng biệt hoá thành các nguyên bào xương, nguyên bào sụn và tế bào mỡ in vitro cũng như biểu hiện các markers như các marker dương tính CD73, CD90, CD105 và một số marker âm tính CD14, CD45. Màng collagen thu nhận từ màng ối đã loại bỏ được các tế bào để trở thành màng vô bào dùng làm giá thể. Tấm tế bào dạng biểu mô có chứa các tế bào biểu hiện được đặc tính của tế bào dạng biểu mô sau khi biệt hoá (dương tính với marker p63, ck 1/10) cũng như đã tạo được nhiều lớp tế bào gần giống với đặc điểm của lớp biểu mô. Nhóm nghiên cứu đã tạo thành công tấm tế bào biểu mô với đặc điểm tế bào về hình thái, chức năng có mang các đặc điểm của tế bào biểu mô. Kết quả nghiên cứu này có tiềm năng ứng dụng rất lớn và hữu ích trong các trường hợp tổn thương mất da diện rộng như bỏng, tai nạn khi có sẵn tấm biểu mô để tiến hành điều trị.

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