Khảo sát một số yếu tố liên quan bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính ở người  40 tuổi tại Tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế

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Tác giả: Thị Lan Hương Hoàng, Thị Bạch Oanh Nguyễn, Thị Diệu Đoan Nguyễn, Thị Thu Hương Nguyễn, Thị Phương Phan, Thị Thanh Nhàn Trần, Thừa Nguyên Trần

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Y học lâm sàng Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.89-96

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 343049

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát một số yếu tố liên quan bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính ở người ≥ 40 tuổi tại tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Đối tượng, phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 1600 người dân từ 40 tuổi trở lên, chọn ngẫu nhiên trong quần thể đưa vào nghiên cứu khi người dân đồng ý tham gia. Chọn mẫu phân tầng không theo tỷ lệ, đại diện theo các vùng của tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Các đối tượng tham gia nghiên cứu được phỏng vấn theo bộ câu hỏi, khám lâm sàng và đo chức năng thông khí để phát hiện các đối tượng mắc BPTNMT và tìm hiểu các thông tin cá nhân liên quan đến bệnh. Xử lý số liệu bằng phần mềm SPSS 20.0. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ BPTNMT ở dân tộc Kinh nói chung là 5,2% thấp hơn ở dân tộc thiểu số là 10,5% có ý nghĩa thống kê (p <
0,001). Tỷ lệ BPTNMT ở nhóm mù chữ là 10,3%, biết đọc, biết viết là 10,0%, tiểu học là 5,8%, THCS là 6,1, THPT là 2,8% và trung cấp trở lên là 1,4%. Tỷ lệ BPTNMT ở nhóm nông dân là 6,2%, công nhân là 4,2%, buôn bán là 0%, CBCNV là 11,1%, nội trợ là 4,2%, hưu trí/già là 9,4%, lao động tự do là 5,5% và ngư dân là 8,3%. Tỷ lệ BPTNMT ở nhóm đang hút thuốc là 11,2%, đã bỏ thuốc lá là 11,5%, hút thuốc lá thụ động là 1,9%, không hút thuốc là 1,6%. Tỷ lệ BPTNMT ở nhóm có tiền sử hen là 25,5%, cao hơn nhóm không có tiền sử hen là 5,6% có ý nghĩa thống kê (p <
0,001), nhóm có tiền sử viêm phế quản là 37,0%, cao hơn nhóm không có tiền sử viêm phế quản là 5,8% có ý nghĩa thống kê (p <
0,001). Tỷ lệ BPTNMT ở nhóm sử dụng bếp rơm, than củi là 9,4%, cao hơn nhóm không sử dụng là 4,3%% có ý nghĩa thống kê (p <
0,001), nhóm sử dụng bếp ga là 5,0%, thấp hơn nhóm không sử dụng bếp ga là 11,6% có ý nghĩa thống kê (p <
0,001). Học vấn mù chữ hoặc chỉ biết đọc biết viết, mắc hen và viêm phế quản mạn tính, dùng bếp rơm, củi hoặc than, hút thuốc lá hoặc đã bỏ thuốc lá là các yếu tố liên quan độc lập với BPTNMT. Từ khóa: Bệnh phổi tắc nghẽn mạn tính, tỷ lệ, yếu tố liên quan, Thừa Thiên Huế. ABSTRACT Survey on factors related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in people ≥ 40 years old in Thua Thien Hue Province Tran Thua Nguyen1, Hoang Thi Lan Huong2, Nguyen Thi Bach Oanh2, Phan Thi Phuong2, Tran Thi Thanh Nhan3, Nguyen Thi Dieu Doan2, Nguyen Thi Thu Huong2 Objectives: To survey on some factors related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in people ≥ 40 years old in Thua Thien Hue province. Methods: A cross - sectional descriptive study on 1600 people aged 40 years and over, randomly selected from the population to be included in the study when people agreed to participate. Non - proportional stratified sampling, representative of the regions of Thua Thien Hue province. The study participants were interviewed according to a set of questionnaires, clinical examination and measurement of ventilation function to detect subjects patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obtain personal information related to the disease. Data processing using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The prevalence of COPD in the Kinh ethnic group in general was 5,2% lower than that of the ethnic minority group at 10,5%, which was statistically significant (p <
0,001). The prevalence of COPD in the illiterate group was 10,3%, group with the ability to read and write was 10,0%, 5,8% in primary school group, 6,1% in lower secondary school, 2,8% in high school and higher in intermediate school was 1,4%. The prevalence of COPD among farmers was 6,2%, workers was 4,2%, traders were 0%, employees were 11,1%, housewives were 4,2%, pensioners/old people were 9,4 %, self - employed was 5,5% and fisherman was 8,3%. The rate of COPD in the current smoking group was 11,2%, 11,5% quit, 1,9% passive smoker, 1,6% non - smoker. The rate of COPD in the group with a history of asthma was 25,5%, higher than the group without a history of asthma was 5,6%, statistically significant (p <
0,001), the group with a history of bronchitis was 37,0 %, higher than the group without a history of bronchitis was 5,8%, with statistical significance (p <
0,001). The prevalence of COPD in the group using straw and charcoal stoves was 9,4%, higher than the group without using was 4,3% with statistical significance (p <
0,001), 5,0% in the group using gas stoves was lower than the group that does not use gas stoves was 11,6%, which is statistically significant (p <
0,001). Illiteracy or only literacy, asthma and chronic bronchitis, use of straw, wood or charcoal stoves, smoking or having quit are independent factors associated with COPD. Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, prevalence, related factors, Thua Thien Hue.

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