Currently, urban solid waste management (SWM) is one of the significant challenges faced by low- to middle-income countries, an issue that needs to be addressed. Weak capacity in SWM not only causes adverse environmental consequences but also affects the health of the community. In Vietnam, the Law on Environmental Protection (LEP) in 2020 stipulated in Clause 7, Article 72, Sections I and
- Chapter VI that requires localities be responsible for SWM in their localities, promulgate regulations on waste management and implement preferential and supportive policies for SWM activities in accordance with Law. Therefore, the capacity of SWM at the local level contributes to the sustainable and effective management of solid waste.