Giới thiệu một số phương pháp phân tích hydrocarbon thơm đa vòng trong mẫu thực phẩm và đồ uống tại Việt Nam

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Ngôn ngữ: vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Kiểm nghiệm và An toàn thực phẩm, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.231-245

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 345290

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Hydrocarbon thơm đa vòng (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) là nhóm chất ô nhiễm hữu cơ phổ biến trong môi trường và được quan tâm nghiên cứu do chúng có độc tính cao, bao gồm cả khả năng gây ung thư và đột biến gen. Thực phẩm được cho là nguồn phơi nhiễm PAHs quan trọng ở người, vì vậy phân tích PAHs trong thực phẩm là một nhiệm vụ cần thiết của kiểm nghiệm an toàn thực phẩm. Bài báo tổng quan này tập hợp thông tin về phương pháp phân tích PAHs đã được áp dụng trong các nghiên cứu trước đây trên đối tượng mẫu thực phẩm và đồ uống ở Việt Nam, bao gồm các bước tách chiết, làm sạch dịch chiết, phân tích định lượng trên hệ thống sắc ký. Đây là bài báo tổng quan đầu tiên về phương pháp phân tích PAHs trong thực phẩm tại Việt Nam, nêu lên thực trạng về năng lực phân tích nhóm chất này cũng như bàn luận về ưu nhược điểm của các phương pháp đã được áp dụng. PAHs được chiết từ nền mẫu vào các dung môi hữu cơ kém phân cực với các kỹ thuật chiết lỏng-lỏng, lỏng-rắn, chiết siêu âm, chiết lỏng áp suất cao. Các chất cản trở trong dịch chiết mẫu có thể được loại bỏ bằng nhiều kỹ thuật khác nhau: xử lý với acid, kiềm, sắc ký thẩm thấu gel, chiết pha rắn, chiết phân tán pha rắn. PAHs được tách và định lượng trên hệ thống sắc ký khí khối phổ (GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, GC×GC-TOF/MS) và sắc ký lỏng với detector huỳnh quang (HPLC-FLD). Các quy trình phân tích đều được kiểm soát chất lượng bằng các kết quả với mẫu trắng, giới hạn phát hiện/định lượng, chất chuẩn đánh giá độ thu hồi, mẫu lặp lại. Các nghiên cứu tổng thể nhằm đánh giá hàm lượng PAHs trong nhiều loại mẫu thực phẩm cần tiếp tục được thực hiện nhằm xây dựng ngưỡng tiêu thụ an toàn cho nhóm chất ô nhiễm này ở Việt Nam.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a common class of organic pollutants in the environment and are of great research interest because of their high toxicity, including carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Food is an important source of PAHs exposure in humans, so analysis of PAHs in food is an essential task of food safety testing. This review article gathers information about the analysis methods of PAHs that has been applied in previous studies on food and beverage samples in Vietnam, including steps of extraction, purification of extracts, and quantitative analysis on a chromatographic system. PAHs are extracted from the sample matrix into less polar organic solvents with different techniques such as liquidliquid, liquid-solid, ultrasonic extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction. Interferences in sample extracts can be removed by various techniques: acid and alkali treatment, gel permeation chromatography, solid phase extraction, and dispersive solid phase extraction. PAHs are separated and quantified on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry systems (GCMS, GC-MS/MS, GC×GC-ToFMS) or liquid chromatograph with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Analytical procedures are all quality controlled by results with blank samples, limits of detection/quantification, recovery standards, and replicate samples. Overall studies to evaluate the content of PAHs in a variety of food samples need to continue to be performed to establish safe consumption thresholds for this group of pollutants in Vietnam.

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