XÁC ĐỊNH KIỂU GENE ACTN3 R577X THỂ LỰC CỦA VẬN ĐỘNG VIÊN ĐỘI TUYỂN 5 MÔN THỂ THAO VIỆT NAM

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Tác giả: Đức Chương Lê

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học thể thao, 2023

Mô tả vật lý: tr.714-723

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 345724

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Although the human genome hasnow been sequenced, the influence of genepolymorphisms on genetic predisposition tosports is largely unknown. Numerous studieswere conducted concerning the determinationof association of the α-actinin-3 gene (ACTN3)polymorphism with performance of eliteathletes. ACTN3 gene codes α-actinin-3, whichis found only in fast, type II muscle fibers. Cto-Ttransition(rs.1815739C/T))inexon16of the ACTN3 gene leads to a stop-codon(R577X polymorphism), which results in αactinin-3 deficiency in XX homozygotes (noα-actinin-3 protein detectable in musclefibers). Functional ACTN3 R577Xpolymorphism has been associated withathletic performance. In the present study, wewas performed to determine the quality and thequantity of DNA extracted from buccal swabsand to estimate PCR products. The amplifiedfragment subsequently underwent digestion byDdeI to determine ACTN3 R577X genotypefrequency and allele frequency of 167Vietnamese athletes belong to young andnational teams. We obtained genotype andallelic frequencies of ACTN3 R577X from 63Swimmer (genotype frequency: RR 33%, RX48%, XX 19%
allele frequency: R 57%, X43%)
36 track and fiald (genotype frequency:RR 44%, RX 39%, XX 19%
allele frequency:R 61%, X 39%)
16 Shooter (genotypefrequency: RR 45%, RX 34%, XX 21%
allelefrequency: R 47%, X 53%)
23 Weightliting(genotype frequency: RR 35%, RX 52%, XX13%
allele frequency: R 61%, X 39%) andfrom 29 Gymnastics (genotype frequency: RR25%, RX 44%, XX 31%
allele frequency: R62%, X: 38%) Together with physicalcharacteristics and the obtained performance,these results are used in order to analyze andevaluate the effect of ACTN3 gene on the performance of Vietnamese athletes. Further,our target is focusing to study gene technologyon selecting athletes, that aims to reduce costsof athlete selection, coaching, and enhanceVietnamese athletes’s performance.Hệ gene con người đã được giảimã thành công, nhưng ảnh hưởng của đa hìnhgene đến tố chất thể thao vẫn còn nhiều điềuchưa biết hết. Nhiều nhà nghiên cứu có đồngquan điểm cho rằng đa hình gene α-actinin-3(ACTN3) có liên quan đến thành tích của cácvận động viên (VĐV) ưu tú. Gene ACTN3 mãhóa cho protein α-actinin-3, chỉ được biểu hiệntrong sợi cơ nhanh loại II. Biến đổi CT(rs.1815739 C/T) ở exon 16 của gene ACTN3làm xuất hiện mã kết thúc (đa hình R577X) dẫnđến thiếu hụt protein α-actinin-3 ở dạng đồnghợp tử XX (không có α-actinin-3). Vai trò củađa hình ACTN3 R577X được chứng minh cóảnh hưởng đến thành tích thể thao của cácVĐV. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã táchchiết DNA tổng số từ tế bào niêm mạc miệngvà đánh giá chất lượng sản phẩm PCR. Sảnphẩm PCR sau đó được xử lý bằng enzyme giớihạn DdeI để xác định kiểu gene ACTN3 R577Xvà tần số allele của 167 vận động viên thuộc 5đội tuyển trẻ và đội tuyển Quốc gia. Chúng tôiđã xác định tần số kiểu gene ACTN3 R577X,tần số allele R/X của 63 VĐV bơi lội (tần sốkiểu gene: RR 33%, RX 48%, XX 19%
tần sốallele: R 57%, X: 43%)
36 VĐV điền kinh (tầnsố kiểu gene: RR 42%, RX 39%, XX 19%
tầnsố allele: R 61%, X 39%)
16 VĐV Bắn súng(tần số kiểu gene: RR 25%, RX 44%, XX 31%
tần số allele: R 47%, X 53%)
23 VĐV cử tạ(tần số kiểu gene: RR 35%, RX 52%, XX 13%
tần số allele: R 61%, X 39%) và 29 VĐV Thểdục dụng cụ (tần số kiểu gene: RR 45%, RX34%, XX 21%
tần số allele: R 62%, X 38%).Kết quả nghiên cứu này sẽ được sử dụng kếthợp với các thông tin về đặc điểm thể lực vàthành tích thể thao của các vận động viên đãthu thập được để phân tích và đánh giá ảnhhưởng của gene ACTN3 đến thành tích của vận động viên Việt Nam. Mục đích tiếp theo củachúng tôi là tập trung nghiên cứu ứng dụngcông nghệ gene trong công tác tuyển chọn vậnđộng viên nhằm góp phần giảm thiểu chi phítrong tuyển chọn, đào tạo và nâng cao thànhtích của thể thao Việt Nam.

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