Unlike many other fields, supervision in schools is aimed at improving the process work, not controlling over subordinates. Supervision is one of the management tools to evaluate the effectiveness of school management. The article summarizes the definition and explanation fro the main terms: “supervison, supervisor, supervison of educational activities”. The article also discusses the purposes and challenges of supervising educational activities in primary schools. From the research situation and educational reality in the country, the article has some suggestions for Vietnamese education to improve the effectiveness of teaching supervision in primary schools.