Ảnh hưởng của than sinh học từ vỏ quả cà phê đến sinh trưởng và phát triển cây cà phê vối (Coffea canephora Pierre var. robusta) giai đoạn kinh doanh

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Tác giả: Thị Kiều An Đỗ, Thị Quỳnh Hoa Phạm, Công Huyền Vy Trình

Ngôn ngữ: vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Tây Nguyên, 2023

Mô tả vật lý:

Bộ sưu tập: Báo, Tạp chí

ID: 346766

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Biochar is a carbon-rich organic material known to have the ability to improve the health of cultivated soil, growth, development, yield, and quality of various crop plants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of different dosage of coffee-husk biochar on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil for cultivating robusta coffee as well as on the growth, development, yield, and quality of coffee beans. An experiment consisted of 4 treatments (CT1: control, no biochar + 100% inorganic NPK fertilizer following the re-cultivation process for robusta coffee plants
CT2: 1 tons of biochar/ha + 80% inorganic NPK fertilizer
CT3: 2 tons of biochar/ha + 80% inorganic NPK fertilizer
CT4: 3 tons of biochar/ha + 80% NPK inorganic NPK fertilizer), with 3 replications, carried out in a completely randomized block design in a fourth-year robusta coffee plantation on basaltic red soil in Dak Lak province. The results showed that after 5 months of treatment, although the amount of inorganic NPK fertilizer was reduced by 20%, the treatments which applied 2 - 3 tons of coffee-husk biochar (CT3 and CT4) following the process showed the best effects on soil physical properties (porosity increased by 7.5 - 13.1%, moisture increased by 6.6 - 12.3%,) soil chemical properties (pHKCl increased by 1.05-1.17, SOM% increased by 16.9-21.4%, CEC increased by 25.0 - 30, 5%, Nts increased by 8.7 - 12.5%, P2O5dt increased by 15.9 - 17.1%, K2Odt increased by 3.6 - 3.7%) and soil biological properties (density of Pratylenchus sp. in coffee roots reduced by 61.5 - 73.1%, density of the pathogen Fusarium spp. reduced by 23.6 - 32.1%), contributed to enhancing the growth and development of coffee plants, leading to a yield increase of coffee beans by 17.2 - 24.5% compared to the control treatment. In the future, further studies are needed to evaluate the efficiency of higher doses of biochar and the long-term impact of coffee-husk biochar on the health of coffee crop cultivation soil as well as the growth, development, yield, and quality of coffee beans.Than sinh học (TSH) là một vật liệu hữu cơ giàu carbon được biết đến là một vật liệu có khả năng cải thiện sức khỏe của đất canh tác, sinh trưởng, phát triển, năng suất và chất lượng của nhiều loại cây trồng. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm xác định ảnh hưởng của lượng TSH sản xuất từ vỏ quả cà phê đến lý, hóa và sinh tính đất trồng cà phê vối cũng như đến sinh trưởng, phát triển, năng suất và chất lượng của cà phê nhân. Một thí nghiệm gồm 4 công thức (CT1: đối chứng, không bón TSH + 100% lượng phân NPK vô cơ theo Quy trình Tái canh cây cà phê vối
CT2: bón 1 tấn TSH + 80% lượng phân NPK vô cơ theo Quy trình
CT3: bón 2 tấn TSH/ha + 80% lượng phân NPK vô cơ theo Quy trình
CT4: bón 3 tấn TSH/ha + 80% lượng phân NPK vô cơ theo Quy trình), 3 lần lặp lại được bố trí theo kiểu khối đầy đủ ngẫu nhiên đã được thực hiện trong vườn cà phê vối năm thứ tư trồng trên đất đỏ bazan tại Đắk Lắk. Kết quả thí nghiệm cho thấy sau 5 tháng xử lý, mặc dù lượng phân NPK vô cơ đã giảm 20% Quy trình nhưng công thức bón TSH sản xuất từ vỏ quả cà phê với lượng 3 tấn/ha (CT4) đã có ảnh hưởng tốt nhất đến các chỉ tiêu lý tính (độ ẩm tăng 12,3%, độ xốp tăng 3,1%) và hóa tính đất (pHKCl tăng 1,17 đơn vị, OM% tăng 21,4%, CEC tăng 30,5%, Nts tăng 4 10,1%, P2O5dt tăng 19,2%, K2Odt tăng 6,7%), làm tăng sinh trưởng, phát triển của cây cà phê, góp phần làm tăng năng suất cà phê nhân 24,5% so với ở công thức đối chứng. Các mức TSH bón cho đất trong thời gian thí nghiệm chưa ảnh hưởng rõ rệt đến các chỉ tiêu mật độ tuyến trùng ký sinh Pratylenchus sp., mật độ nấm bệnh Fusarium spp., tỷ lệ tươi:nhân và tỷ lệ nhân đạt tiêu chuẩn xuất khẩu. Trong thời gian tới, cần đánh giá tác động lâu dài của TSH đến sức khỏe của đất trồng cây cà phê cũng như sinh trưởng, phát triển, năng suất và chất lượng của cà phê nhân.

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