Vietnam is one of the countries in the world suffering the most negative impacts from climate change. With a long coastline and located in the tropical monsoon belt of Southeast Asia, nowhere in Vietnam is more severely affected by climate change than the coastal zone of Vietnam. Sea level rise, hurricanes, floods, and droughts increasingly threaten the region. The main livelihoods most directly affected are fisheries, agriculture, tourism, and shipping. Based on a survey of 600 households in three coastal provinces of Quảng Ninh, Quảng Nam, and Cà Mau, this paper assesses livelihood vulnerability based on the approaches of Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the five sources of capital. The research results show that Quảng Ninh province residents’ livelihood is oyster farming, clams, fish, and nearshore fishing. Quảng Nam province residents’ livelihood combines farming, aquaculture, nearshore and offshore fishing. The livelihood of Cà Mau province residents with forest-shrimp-crab is the most prominent feature. Livelihood diversity is the trend of choice for many households today. Members all have many different jobs to be able to ensure their lives and complement each other. A person can have many different jobs depending on climate changes.