In current high schools, the practical implementation of theme-based teaching and learning in Literature, according to the 2018 General Education Curriculum, has presented opportunities and challenges for teachers, students, and administrative levels. The content of theme-based teaching and learning in Literature is quite extensive compared to high school students
the allocated time is insufficient for teachers and students to fulfill their teaching and learning tasks
arranging the teaching schedule encounters numerous difficulties and inconsistencies
teacher assignments for delivering still exhibit a one-size-fits-all approach, lacking attention to the individual capacities, experiences, and aspirations of the educators
the assessment and evaluation process remains burdensome, creating pressure for both teachers and students.