The number of acute traumatic injuries caused by accidents has been increasing in recent years, leading to death or serious complications in cognitive behavior or social function. Few pre-clinical studies around the world have shown the ablity of stem cells in neuroprotection. Therefore, we apply autologous stem cells transplants in two acute traumatic brain injury patients to evaluate the effectiveness of stem cell therapy. Method: Three male patients aged 23 and 49 years with a postresuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale of 6 and 8 were treated with autologous mononuclear cells delivered intravenously within 2-3 hours after bone marrow harvesting, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and expanded in culture before the system administrating through vein after 7-10 days. To determine the safety of the procedure, systemic and cerebral hemodynamics were monitored during bone marrow harvest
infusion-related toxicity was determined by hepatic enzymes, and renal function. Result and conclusion: There were no significant changes in liver, kidney and hematological criteria. BI and Glasgow indexes increased significantly compared to the control group. There was no abnormal complication within 4-6 weeks after cell transplantation. Autologous stem cell therapy is safe and effective for patients with acute brain injury.