Background: Ventilator - associated pneumonia is a very common nosocomial infection in the intensive care unit. Many bacteria cause ventilator - associated pneumonia, in which non - fermentative Gram - negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc., are the leading pathogens and have high antibiotic resistance. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on non - fermentative bacteria strains causing ventilator - associated pneumonia which were isolated at the Surgical Intensive Care Unit Department of Nghe An General Friendship Hospital from January 2020 to June 2021. Results: A total of 120 strains of non - fermenting Gram - negative bacteria were isolated. Of these, 85 strains were Acinetobacter baumannii, 31 strains was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Acinetobacter baumannii has a resistance rate of more than 70% with all tested antibiotics, of which the highest resistance is to Ceftriaxone 96.9%. Pseudomonas aeriginosa was resistant to all tested antibiotics, with the highest resistance to Gentamycin80.0%, the lowest resistance to Piperacillin/Tazobactam 32.3%. Conclusion: Non - fermentative bacteria are the main pathogens of ventilator - associated pneumonia. The most common pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria were highly resistant to the tested antibiotics. In which, A. baumannii resisted over 70% of the tested antibiotics, and P. aeruginosa resisted all tested antibiotics with varying degrees from 32.3 to 80.0%.