To prepare for life, students often wonder about the meaning and purpose of life, about how to build an effective life plan, and about choosing an appropriate and meaningful job. To answer these questions, each individual's cognitive ability, evaluation as well as practical ability are very different, showing especially clearly the gap between the spontaneous development and guided development of education in the broad sense of this concept. In our country today, when social values have many changes, many young people have not yet determined the meaning of life, do not have a clear career orientation and therefore cannot create for themselves a specific career plan, which is a multifaceted issue. To carry out career guidance effectively, all its links must be realized, starting with career guidance theories. This article introduces 5 career guidance theories as well as 5 different approaches that will provide basic knowledge for students to make the right decisions when choosing a career and developing their professional capacity.