Humans are a nation’s most important resource, playing a decisive role in the development of society. Women are a fundamental component of human resources. With a population that accounts for about half of the total population of a country, women have always been an important resource in the development and implementation of social development strategies in all countries in the world. Vietnam has always paid attention to the development of human resources in general, and human resources of women in scientific research, in particular. In recent years, the Government has formulated and promulgated many plans, strategies, legal documents and policies on the recruitment of, attraction towards, and training, re-training and honouring female scientists. Such is an important factor in promoting the development of the human resources of female scientific researchers in Vietnam.