Over the past years, the industrialisation and modernisation in Vietnam have yielded important achievements yet still exposed many shortcomings. This paper will make clear perceptual constraints on the industrialisation and modernisation in Vietnam recently, analyse limitations in the implementation of these two processes in such aspects as selection of steps, regional structure and link and industrial development mechanisms. Based on that ground, the author proposes a system of solutions for the industrialisation and modernisation in the next periods.