Đánh giá thực trạng và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng suất cà phê vối tại Kon Tum

0 Người đánh giá. Xếp hạng trung bình 0

Tác giả: Thị Nhung Hoàng, Thanh Sơn Nguyễn, Đình Sâm Phạm, Tiến Lâm Vũ

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 633 Field and plantation crops

Thông tin xuất bản: Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn , 2020

Mô tả vật lý: 127 - 137

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 392334

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu thực trạng và các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến năng suất cà phê vối Robusta tại Kon Tum. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy năng suất cà phê vối nhân trung bình năm 2019 đạt 2,92 tấn/ha (GĐ1 đạt 3,55 tấn/ha, GĐ2 đạt 3,08 tấn/ha và GĐ3 đạt 2,14 tấn/ha). Năng suất tiềm năng trung bình của cà phê vối năm 2020 ước đạt GĐ1 là 3,54 tấn/ha, GĐ2 là 3,85 tấn/ha và GĐ3 là 2,43 tấn/ha. Lượng cây loại A trong các mô hình có tỷ lệ trung bình cao nhất ở GĐ3 là 54,83%, tiếp đến là GĐ2 là 49,89% và thấp nhất là GĐ1 là 46,50%. Đất trong các mô hình cà phê đa phần có pHKCl: 3,89 - 4,60 được xem là đất chua, hàm lượng Nts: 0,11 - 0,19% ở mức trung bình và khá, P2O5 dt: 4,08 - 12,37 mg/100 g ở mức trung bình và nghèo, K2O dt: 3,79 - 10,21 mg/100 g ở mức nghèo đến rất nghèo. Đa phần người dân sử dụng NPK (16: 16: 8) để bón cho các mô hình cà phê với lượng trung bình năm GĐ1 là 2,18 tấn/ha, GĐ2 là 1,80 tấn NPK/ha và GĐ3 là 1,24 tấn/ha cao hơn định mức tại Quyết định số 3702/QĐ-BNN-TT. Khí hậu chưa có ảnh hưởng rõ rệt tới năng suất cà phê vối. Để nâng cao năng suất các mô hình cà phê vối cần (1) Cải thiện dinh dưỡng trong đất gồm pHKCl bằng vôi, OM (%) bằng bón phân hữu cơ
(2) Gia tăng cây cà phê loại A và giảm cây loại C qua việc sử dụng phân bón cân đối hơn giữa đạm và kali vào giai đoạn giữa và cuối mùa mưa để mô hình đạt năng suất cao hơn., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, The article is the research results of current status and factors affecting Robusta coffee yield in Kon Tum. The assessment results showed that the average yield of peeled and dried Robusta coffee reached 2.92 tons/ ha in 2019 (GD1 reached 3.55 tons/ha, GD2 reached 3.08 tons/ha and GD3 reached 2.14 tons/ha). The average annual potential yield of Robusta coffee in 2020 is estimated at GD1 coffee is 3.54 tons/ha, GD2 is 3.85 tons/ha and coffee GD3 is 2.43 tons/ha. The amount of quality A trees in the Robusta coffee models has the highest average in GD3 of 54.83%, followed by GD2 at 49.89% and lowest with GD1 at 46.50%. Soil in the coffee models is mostly acidic soil (pHHCl: 3.89 - 4.60), with nitrogen content (Nts: 0.11 - 0.19%) at a range of medium and fair level, with phosphorus content (P2O5: 4.08 - 12.37 mg/100 g) in medium and poor level, easily digestible potassium (K2O dt: 3.79 - 10.21 mg / 100 gam) at poor to very poor. Most of the people use NPK (16: 16: 8) to fertilize coffee models, the average annual amount of fertilization with GĐ1 is 2.18 tons/ha, GĐ2 is 1.80 tons/ha and GĐ3 is 1.24 tons/ha, higher than the norm in Decision No.3702/QD-BNN-TT. Climate has not had a clear effect on Robusta coffee yield. To improve productivity for Robusta coffee models, it is necessary to (1) Improve soil nutrition including pHKCl with lime powder, OM (%) by organic fertilizer, etc. (2) Increasing the number of coffee trees with quality (type A) and reducing the number trees with quality (type C) by using more balanced fertilizers between nitrogen and potassium in the midand late rainy season to achieve higher yields.

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