Phân tích kinh tế phương thức quản lý cầu nước sinh hoạt tại đô thị Hà Nội

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Tác giả: Thị Huệ Hoàng

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 551.48 Hydrology

Thông tin xuất bản: Môi trường 2021

Mô tả vật lý: 44-51

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 393167

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Đối với nhiều quốc gia trên thế giới, việc chuyển hướng từ quản lý cung cấp nước (Water Supply Management - WSM) sang quản lý cầu về nước (Water Demand Management - WDM) giữ một vai trò quan trọng trong chiến lược quản lý nguồn nước ngọt đang ngày càng khan hiếm. Phương thức quản lý cầu về nước sinh hoạt đô thị đã được chứng minh là một phương thức quản lý rất hiệu quả trong bối cảnh nhiều khó khăn trong hoạt động cấp nước sinh hoạt cho đô thị. Bài báo đã để xuất cách tiếp cận phân tích kinh tế đối với phương thức quản lý cầu nước sinh hoạt đô thị gồm 6 bước phù hợp với điều kiện Việt Nam. Sau khi phân tích thực hiện nghiên cứu ứng dụng quy trình phân tích kinh tế đối với phương thức quản lý cầu nước sinh hoạt đô thị trên địa bàn TP. Hà Nội. Bài báo này đã phần tích, tổng hợp được các kịch bản nghiên cứu với kịch bản WDM và kịch bản cơ sở, trong đó giải pháp của kịch bản WDM bao gồm: Tăng giá nước
thúc đẩy các chương trình chống rò rỉ thất thoát nước. Bài viết đã phân tích tổng hợp được các lợi ích và chi phí của việc thực hiện phương thức WDM so với việc không thực hiện phương thức quản lý này tại đô thị Hà Nội trong giai đoạn 2010 - 2025. Các loại lợi ích và chi phí được đánh giá bao gồm: (1) Tiết kiệm chi phí vận hành cung cấp nước
(2) lợi ích sử dụng trực tiếp từ nước
(3) giảm chi phí điện năng để cung cấp nước và xử lý nước thải
(4) chi phí xử lý nước thải
(5) tăng các giá trị sử dụng gián tiếp thông qua việc giảm lượng nước được lấy từ hệ sinh thái
(6) giảm lượng phát thải khí nhà kính
(7) chi phí cho chương trình tăng giá nước
(8) chi phí quản lý chống thất thoát nước. Tổng hợp tất cả các lợi ích và chi phí trong giai đoạn 2010-2025, nghiên cứu tính toán được giá trị hiện tại ròng (Net Present Value - NPV) của việc thực hiện giải pháp WDM ở các quận nội thành Hà Nội là 1.613.096 triệu VNĐ. Dựa vào phân tích đó, một số giải pháp có tính định hướng WDM được để xuất tại đô thị Hà Nội., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, For many countries in the world, the shift from water supply management (WSM) to water demand management (WDM) plays an important role in management of water resources which was already increasingly scarce. Fresh water is increasingly scarce. Urban water demand management has proven to be a very effective management measure in the context of many urban water supply problems. The paper proposes an economic analysis approach to the urban water supply management in six steps adapted to Vietnamese conditions. After analyzing the application of the economic analysis process to urban water demand management in Hanoi urban area. This paper analyzes and synthesizes research scenarios with WDM scenarios and baseline scenarios in which WDM scenario solutions include: increasing water prices
Promote anti-leakage leaks. The paper analyzes the benefits and costs of WDM implementation compared to the failure to implement this method of management in urban Hanoi for the period 2010-2025. The types of benefits and costs assessed include (1) savings in operating costs of water supply
(2) direct use of water
(3) reduce electricity costs for water supply and wastewater treatment, (4) waste water treatment costs, (5) increase indirect use values by reducing the amount of water taken from the biomass Thai
(6) reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, (7) cost of water price increase program, (8) management cost of water loss. Incorporating all benefits and costs in the period 2010-2025, the study calculated the net present value of the WDM solution implemented in the inner districts of Hanoi is 205,943.45. Based on that analysis, a number of WDM oriented solutions are proposed in urban Hanoi.

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