Đánh giá chất lượng nước mặt tỉnh Hậu Giang sử dụng thống kê đa biến

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Tác giả: Thanh Giao Nguyễn, Thị Kim Hồng Trần

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 551.48 Hydrology

Thông tin xuất bản: Nông nghiệp và Phát triển nông thôn , 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 76 - 83

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 393197

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp phân tích cụm (CA) và phân tích thành phần chính (PCA) để đánh giá vị trí thu mẫu và xác định chỉ tiêu ảnh hưởng đến chất lượng nước tại tỉnh Hậu Giang. Các mẫu quan trắc chất lượng nước mặt được thu thập từ 39 vị trí với 12 chỉ tiêu gồm nhiệt độ (0C), pH, chất rắn lơ lửng (TSS), nhu cầu oxy hóa học (COD), nhu cầu oxy sinh hóa (BOD), oxy hòa tan (DO), đạm amoni (N-NH4 + ), nitrite (N-NO2 - ), nitrate (N-NO3 - ), orthophotphase (P-PO4 3- ), coliform và sắt (Fe). Chất lượng nước mặt được đánh giá sử dụng Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật Quốc gia về chất lượng nước mặt (QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT, cột A2) và chỉ số chất lượng nước (WQI). Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, khu vực nghiên cứu đang bị ô nhiễm các chất hữu cơ, ô nhiễm vi sinh vật và hàm lượng kim loại nặng (Fe) cao ở mức nghiêm trọng. Chất lượng nước tại đây đạt mức trung bình (64%) đến xấu (33%) và chỉ có 3% đạt chất lượng nước tốt. Phân tích phần chính (PCA) chỉ ra 4 PCs giải thích 71,3% sự thay đổi và biến động chất lượng nước tại khu vực nghiên cứu. Trong đó, 12 chỉ tiêu quan trắc đều có tác động đến chất lượng nước mặt nên cần được tiếp tục theo dõi tại chương trình quan trắc chất lượng nước mặt trong tương lai. Phân tích CA cũng giúp nghiên cứu xác định 20/39 vị trí cần thực hiện quan trắc mà vẫn đảm bảo được hiệu quả của công tác quan trắc, giúp giảm 34% chi phí thực hiện trong chương trình quan trắc. Nghiên cứu này cung cấp thông tin khoa học phục vụ công tác quan trắc chất lượng nước mặt tỉnh Hậu Giang., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, The study used cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to assess sampling locations and determine indicators affecting water quality in Hau Giang province. Surface water quality monitoring samples were collected from 39 locations with 12 criteria including temperature (oC), pH, suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand. (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium (N-NH4 + ), nitrite (N-NO2 - ), nitrate (N-NO3 - ), orthophotphase (P-PO4 3- ), coliform and iron (Fe). Surface water quality is assessed using national technical regulations on surface water quality (QCVN 08- MT: 2015/BTNMT, column A2) and water quality index (WQI). The results show that the study area is seriously polluted with organic substances, microbial contamination and heavy metal (Fe) content. The water quality here ranges from moderate (64%) to bad (33%) and only 3% has good water quality. PCA results indicated that 4 PCs explained 71.3% of the variation and variation in water quality in the study area. In which, 12 monitoring indicators have an impact on surface water quality, so it should be continued to be monitored in the surface water quality monitoring program in the future. CA analysis recommended 20/39 locations that need to be monitored while ensuring the effectiveness of monitoring, reducing 34% of implementation costs in the monitoring program. This study provides scientific information for monitoring surface water quality in Hau Giang province.

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