Chất lượng môi trường nước vùng cửa Ba Lạt (sông Hồng)

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Tác giả: Thị Hoa Bùi, Thu Hà Lê, Thành Nam Nguyễn, Xuân Huấn Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 628.9 Other branches of sanitary and municipal engineering

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Biển, 2020

Mô tả vật lý: 51-60

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 393868

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Vùng cửa Ba Lạt, hàng năm tiếp nhận hàng triệu khối nước từ sông Hồng đổ ra biển, cùng với sự vậnchuyển của dòng nước, các chất ô nhiễm từ lục địa cũng theo sông đổ ra biển. Trong bài báo này, chất lượngmôi trường nước tại khu vực cửa Ba Lạt (sông Hồng) được khảo sát vào tháng 7 năm 2017 đại diện cho mùagió Tây Nam (mùa mưa) và tháng 10 năm 2017 đại diện cho mùa gió Đông Bắc (mùa khô). Kết quả nghiêncứu cho thấy, các thông số thủy lý, hóa học của nước tại cửa Ba Lạt có giá trị thay đổi theo mùa: Nhiệt độtrung bình của nước mùa mưa cao hơn 2,5oC so với mùa khô
pH trung bình mùa mưa (7,45 ± 0,36) cao hơnso với mùa khô (7,01 ± 0,17). Các thông số như độ dẫn điện, độ muối, NO3-N, NH3-N, PO4-P, dầu mỡ tổngsố, Fe và Zn trong mùa khô đều cao hơn so với mùa mưa từ 1,22 đến 2,92 lần. Nồng độ một số muối dinhdưỡng (NO3-N
NH3-N
PO4-P
SiO3-Si), kim loại nặng (Fe, Zn) và dầu mỡ tổng số ở mức cao. Trong đó,NO3-N dao động từ 0,565 mg/l đến 1,129 mg/l
NH3-N dao động từ 0,139 mg/l đến 6,16 mg/l, cao hơn sovới GTGH từ 1,53 đến 4,47 lần
PO4-P dao động từ 0,16 mg/l đến 0,82 mg/l cao hơn so với GTGH từ 2 đến3,14 lần. SiO3-Si trong nước ở mức cao, dao động từ 3,49 mg/l đến 5,31 mg/l. Nồng độ Fe ít chênh lệch giữa2 mùa nhưng đã cao hơn so với GTGH từ 2,2 đến 9,7 lần
Zn dao động từ 0,64 mg/l đến 2,56 mg/l cao hơnso với GTGH từ 1,28 đến 5,12 lần. Dầu mỡ tổng số dao động từ 2,8 mg/l đến 7,0 mg/l cao hơn từ 5,6 đến 14lần so với QCVN 10-MT: 2015. Các thông số khác như DO, BOD5, Fe, SiO3-Si trong mùa gió Đông Bắcthấp hơn so với mùa gió Tây Nam từ 1,01 đến 1,35 lần. Trong đó, DO dao động từ 3,75 mg/l đến 4,99 mg/l,trong cả 2 đợt DO đều thấp hơn so với GTGH của QCVN 10-MT: 2015, không phù hợp cho sự sinh trưởngvà phát triển của thủy sinh vật. Fe dao động từ 2,172 mg/l đến 2,209 mg/l cao hơn so với GTGH từ 4,3 đến4,4 lần
Chất lượng nước cũng có sự thay đổi theo không gian, thể hiện rõ nhất ở độ dẫn điện, độ muối vàdầu mỡ. Trong đó, độ muối và độ dẫn điện có xu hướng tăng dần từ sông ra biển, dầu mỡ tổng số đạt caonhất tại điểm BL7 trong cả 2 đợt và NO3-N trong đợt 2 đạt giá trị cao nhất tại các điểm BL6 đến BL11., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Ba Lat estuary is the large mouth of the Red river
every year, the Ba Lat estuary receives million cubicmeters of water before the water is dissolved in the sea. Therefore, polluted materials in the water from thecontinent are also transported to the sea through the estuary. However, the volume of the water pouring intothe sea varies with the season. In this paper, the water quality at Ba Lat estuary (Red river) was surveyed inJuly 2017 representing the Southwest wind season (rainy season) and in October 2017 representing theNortheast wind season (dry season). The research results show that the values of chemical parameters ofwater at Ba Lat estuary changed according to the season: the average temperature of water in the rainyseason was 2.5oC higher than in the dry season
average pH in the rainy season (7.45 ± 0.36) was higher thanthat in the dry season (7.01 ± 0.17). Parameters such as conductivity, salinity, NO3-N, NH3-N, PO4-P, totalgrease, Fe and Zn in the dry season were 1.22-2.92 times higher than in the rainy season. Concentration ofsome nutrition (including NO3-N
NH3-N
PO4-P and SiO3-Si), heavy metals (Fe, Zn), and total grease in thewater were high, in which NO3-N ranged from 0.565 mg/l to 1.129 mg/l
NH3-N ranged from 0.139 mg/l to6.16 mg/l, 1.53 to 4.47 times higher than the standard of Vietnam. PO4-P ranged from 0.16 mg/l to 0.82mg/l, which was 2 to 3.14 times higher than the standard. SiO3-Si ranged from 3.49 mg/l to 5.31 mg/l. Ironconcentration in the water was 2.2 to 9.7 times higher than the standard and not different between the twoseasons. Zn ranged from 0.64 mg/l to 2.56 mg/l, 1.28 to 5.12 times higher than the standard. Total greaseranged from 2.8 mg/l to 7.0 mg/l, 5.6 to 14 times higher than the standard. Other parameters such as DO,BOD5, Fe, SiO3-Si in the Northeast wind season were 1.01 to 1.35 times lower than in the Southwest windseason. In particular, DO ranged from 3.75 mg/l to 4.99 mg/l, lower than the QCVN 10-MT: 2015 standardand the DO was not suitable for the growth and development of aquatic life. Iron concentration ranged from2.172 mg/l to 2.209 mg/l, 4.3 to 4.4 times higher than the standard. Water quality also varies with the space,most notably in electrical conductivity, salinity and grease. In particular, the salinity and conductivity tend toincrease gradually from the river to the sea, the total oil and grease reached the highest point at BL7 in bothphases, and NO3-N in phase 2 reached the highest value at BL6 to BL11.

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