TIỀN LƯƠNG TỐI THIỂU Ở VIỆT NAM: MỘT SỐ QUAN SÁT VÀ PHÂN TÍCH

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Tác giả: Đặng Minh Thảo Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

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Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học xã hội Tp. Hồ Chí Minh 2019

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ID: 395113

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Trong quá trình hơn 70 năm, chính sách tiền lương tối thiểu ở Việt Nam đã dần dần phát triển nhằm tạo ra "lưới an toàn" bảo vệ người lao động, đồng thời cũng là động lực thúc đẩy sự phát triển của nền kinh tế đất nước. Bài viết trình bày lịch sử tiền lương tối thiểu ở Việt Nam và phân tích thực trạng áp dụng mức lương tối thiếu mới cho lao động làm việc tại các doanh nghiệp trong nước có phân biệt theo vùng. Nhiều khảo sát cho thấy, lương tối thiểu vùng tăng có tác động đa chiều đến doanh nghiệp và người lao động: Đối với doanh nghiệp, tác động rõ nhất là tăng chi phí nhân công do các khoản bảo hiểm xã hội, bảo hiểm y tế và bảo hiểm thất nghiệp tăng. Doanh nghiệp có xu hướng điều chỉnh cấu trúc để giảm chi phí tiền lương và các chi phí liên quan khác, trong đó có khả năng nâng cao năng suất lao động và giảm nhu cầu lao động. Đối với người lao động, mức thu nhập trung bình chỉ mới đáp ứng các khoản chi tiêu cơ bản nhất và không có tiết kiệm hoặc dự phòng rủi ro do giá cả cũng tăng tương ứng với tăng lương. Chính vì thế, tăng lương tối thiểu vùng cho đến nay còn tiềm ẩn nhiều tác động không mong muốn. Từ khóa: lương tối thiểu vùng, người lao động, doanh nghiệp, chi tiêu, tiết kiệm, Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Over the course of 70 years, minimum wage in Vietnam has gradually developed in order to create a "safety net" protection of employees, as well as a driving force for development of national economy. The paper presents the history of minimum wage in Vietnam and analyzes the current situation of applying the new minimum wage by region to employees working in enterprises. Many surveys show that the increase of regional minimum wage has a multidimensional impact on enterprises and employees: For enterprises, the most obvious impact is the increase in labor costs due to the increase of social insurance, health insurance, and unemployment insurance. Businesses tend to adjust their structure to reduce wages and other related costs, including potentially reducing labor demand. For employees, the average income only meets the most basic expenses and does not have savings or risk provisions, because the market prices also increase in line with the wage increases. Therefore, the increase of regional minimum wage still has potential undesirable effects. Keywords: regional minimum wage, employee, business, expense, saving

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