Đặc điểm thực vật học cây tía tô dại Hyptis suaveolens L. (Poit.), họ bạc hà (Lamiaceae)

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Tác giả: Ngọc Tín Trần, Văn Lẹo Võ

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Y học TP. Hồ Chí Minh 2022

Mô tả vật lý: 45583

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 395394

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Nghiên cứu đặc điểm hình thái, giải phẫu và bột dược liệu của cây Tía tô dại để góp phần nhận dạng đúng loài này. Khảo sát sơ bộ thành phần hóa học trong cây. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Thu thập mẫu cây tươi của cây Tía tô dại. Phân tích, mô tả, chụp ảnh các đặc điểm hình thái và giải phẫu. Thân và lá được cắt ngang thành lát mỏng bằng dao lam, nhuộm vi phẫu bằng son phèn và lục iod. Soi bột dược liệu bằng kính hiển vi. Sơ bộ thành phần hóa học bằng phương pháp Ciuley cải tiến và trên sắc ký lớp mỏng. Kết quả: Đặc điểm hình thái: Cây thân thảo, phân nhánh, mọc đứng, cao 0,5 - 1,5m, có khi đến 2 m, tiết diện thân non hơi tròn, thân già hình vuông, có nhiều lông. Lá đơn, mọc đối chữ thập, hình trứng - trứng tròn, mép răng cưa, nhiều lông. Cụm hoa mọc thành xim co, mỗi xim 2-5 hoa. Hoa nhỏ, lưỡng tính, màu tím xanh. Cánh hoa 5 cánh dính, không đều, chia hai môi 2/3. Nhị 4, 2 trội. Lá noãn 2, bầu 4 ô do vách giả. Quả bế tư. Giải phẫu: thân trụ bì hóa mô cứng thành từng cụm, vùng libe có sợi libe, nhiều lông che chở, lông tiết. Giải phẫu lá: có vùng gân giữa dày gấp 3 lần vùng phiến lá, nhiều lông che chở, lông tiết. Thịt lá dị thể. Cuống nhiều lông tiết, trụ bì hóa mô cứng, vùng libe có sợi libe. Bột thân: tế bào sợi, lông che chở đa bào, lông che chở có eo thắt, lông tiết, các mảnh mạch điểm, mạch vạch, mạch xoắn, mảnh mô mềm. Bột lá: lông che chở đa bào, lông che chở có eo thắt, lông tiết đầu đa bào, lông tiết đầu đơn bào, mảnh mạch xoắn, mảnh mạch vạch, mảnh mạch mạng, lỗ khí trực bào, mảnh biểu bì trên, mảnh biểu bì dưới. Thành phần hóa học bao gồm chất béo, carotenoid, tinh dầu, triterpenoid, flavonoid, tannin, acid hữu cơ, chất khử, hợp polyuronic. Kết luận: Các đặc điểm hình thái, giải phẫu và các cấu tử đặc trưng trong bột dược liệu của cây Tía tô dại - Hyptis suaveolens L. (Poit.) giúp nhận dạng và kiểm nghiệm chính xác loài., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Investigation of morphological, anatomical, plant powder characteristics and preliminary screening of phytochemical constituents of H. suaveolens L. (Poit.). Methods: Fresh plants of H.suaveolens L. (Poit.). would be collected for analyzing. The specimens are processed through various steps, starting with slicing stem and leaf with a razor, then staining microsurgery with carmine alum and iodine green dye. Photographs of the samples are used to describe the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the plant. Plant powder was observed by a microscope. Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted by improved Ciuley method and thin layer chromatography. Results: Morphological characteristics of H. suaveolens L. (Poit.): herbs, annual, branched, erect, hairy, stem height from 0.5 - 1.5 meters, sometimes up to 2 meters. The leaves are simple, opposite and decussate, leaf blade ovate to broadly ovate, margin irregularly serrate, pubescent. The inflorescence is cymes with 2-5 flowered. Flowers are small, bisexual, purplish blue, zygomorphic. Corolla bilabiate 2/3. Stamens 4 and didynamous. Carpels 2. The ovary is divided into four lobes. Achene, black brown. Stem anatomy: the pericycle forms fibers group, the part phloem has fibers group, trichomes. Leaf anatomy: The midrib is 3 times thicker than the leaf blade, trichomes. Leaf blade with heterostructre. Petiole has lots of glandular trichomes, the pericycle forms fibers group, the part phloem has fibers group. Stem powder: fiber, multicellular trichomes, multicellular trichome with middle cell shrivelled, glandular trichome, parenchymas. Leaf powder: multicellular trichomes, multicellular trichome with middle cell shrivelled, unicellular glandular trichomes, multicellular glandular trichomes, spiral vessel, scalariform vessel, reticulated vessel, upper epidermis, lower epidermis. Phytochemical constituents include fatty oil, carotenoid, essential oil, triterpenoid, flavonoid, tannin, phenolic compound, polyuronic compound. Conclusion: The morphological and anatomical characteristics of Hyptis suaveolens L. (Poit.) help to identify this species more exactly.

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