Xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt và tái sử dụng nước thải sau xử lý tại Việt Nam

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Tác giả: Mạnh Khải Nguyễn, Văn Quân Nguyễn, Thị Thúy Phạm, Thị Huyền Nga Trần

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Môi trường 2021

Mô tả vật lý: 31-36

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 395956

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Nhu cầu nước sạch là nhu cầu thiết yếu của cuộc sống, vì thế, việc xử lý nước thải (XLNT) để tái sử dụng sớm nhận được sự quan tâm của nhiều quốc gia. Tuy nhiên, ở Việt Nam, việc sử dụng nước tái chế còn gặp nhiều khó khăn. Với lượng phát sinh lớn vào hàm lượng chất ô nhiễm cao gây khó khăn cho việc quản lý và XLNT. Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm mục đích đánh giá tổng quan hiện trạng phát sinh, tính chất, các công nghệ XLNT sinh hoạt đang được áp dụng và tiềm năng sử dụng nước tái chế tại Việt Nam. Thông qua việc phân tích cơ sở dữ liệu trực tuyến và các báo cáo đã được công bố, các thông tin liên quan sẽ được tổng hợp, phân tích, từ đó đưa ra tổng thể về XLNT sinh hoạt và tái sử dụng nước thải sau xử lý tại Việt Nam. Kết quả cho thấy, nước thải sinh hoạt ở Việt Nam được xử lý chưa tốt, lượng nước xử lý chỉ chiếm khoảng 13% tổng lượng nước thải phát sinh, còn lại được thải trực tiếp ra môi trường, các công nghệ XLNT chủ yếu là sử dụng các phương pháp sinh học, nước thải sau xử lý thường được thải ra các thủy vực tiếp nhận. Việc tái sử dụng nước thải sau xử lý hiện chỉ dừng ở mức sử dụng để cấp nước cho các hệ thống sông hồ và tưới tiêu chưa có các mục đích sử dụng với yêu cầu cao hơn. Các chất độc sinh học, chất kháng sinh trong nước thải là vấn đề' đáng lưu tâm trong việc tái sử dụng nước thải sinh hoạt sau xử lý. Vì vậy, các phương pháp xử lý tiên tiến như công nghệ màng, hấp phụ, oxy hóa nâng cao cần được xem xét nghiên cứu, áp dụng. , Tóm tắt tiếng anh, The need for fresh water is an essential need of life, so the treatment of wastewater for reuse soon receives the attention of many countries. However, reuse of reclaimed water still faces many difficulties in Vietnam. The domestic wastewater with the increase in quantity and substance makes it difficult for managers. This study is conducted to assess the current situation of generation, composition, treatment technology and the current situation of reuse reclaimed domestic wastewater in Vietnam, examining the problems encountered when using reclaimed water. So that, propose advanced wastewater treatment technologies to treat wastewater for reuse. By online database analysis and published reports, relevant information will be synthesized and analyzed, thereby drawing a sketch of domestic wastewater treatment and using reclaimed water in Vietnam. The results show that domestic wastewater in Vietnam is not treated very well, the amount of treated water only accounts for about 13% of the total generated wastewater, the rest is discharged directly into the environment. Using reclaimed water is only used to supply water for river and lake systems and irrigation, it has not yet used with higher requirements. Biological toxins, antibiotics in wastewater are a remarkable issue in the reuse of treated domestic wastewater. Therefore, the advanced treatment methods such as advanced membrane technology, adsorption and advanced oxidation need to be researched and applied more.

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