Tại sao doanh nghiệp Việt Nam giữ tiền mặt?

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Tác giả: Mai Phương Hoàng, Thanh Hồng Ân Nguyễn

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại: 650 Management and auxiliary services

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Đà Lạt, 2020

Mô tả vật lý: 45382

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 396923

Thêm vào giỏ Liên kết toàn văn

Nghiên cứu này hướng đến khám phá thực trạng và lý do nắm giữ tiền mặt của doanh nghiệp Việt Nam. Dựa trên tập dữ liệu gồm 199 doanh nghiệp niêm yết trên sàn chứng khoán Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh trong giai đoạn 2011 đến 2018, kết quả phân tích thống kê cho thấy mức nắm giữ tiền mặt phổ biến của doanh nghiệp Việt Nam là khoảng 5.9%. Tỉ lệ nắm giữ tiền mặt cao chỉ xuất hiện ở các doanh nghiệp có quy mô nhỏ. Ngoài ra, tỉ lệ nắm giữ tiền mặt của các doanh nghiệp ở tất cả bốn nhóm phân vị theo quy mô đều có xu hướng giảm kể từ năm 2016, mà mạnh nhất là ở nhóm doanh nghiệp quy mô nhỏ. Phân tích hồi quy cho thấy các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam thường tăng tích trữ tiền mặt khi điều kiện kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp thuận lợi hay rủi ro kinh doanh gia tăng và giảm tích trữ tiền mặt khi có các nguồn vốn nội bộ khác hay khả năng tiếp cận nguồn vốn ngân hàng trở nên dễ dàng hơn. Các đặc trưng này ủng hộ lý thuyết cân bằng lợi ích và chi phí (Trade-off theory) trong nắm giữ tiền mặt. Các kiểm định tăng cho thấy tốc độ điều chỉnh tỉ lệ tiền mặt nắm giữ là khoảng 30% mỗi năm
Qua đó, cũng ủng hộ kết luận các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam nắm giữ tiền mặt nhằm mục đích thanh toán và dự phòng rủi ro và có tính toán cân bằng giữa lợi ích và chi phí khi quyết định lượng tiền mặt nắm giữ tối ưu. Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra hai hàm ý chính sách đối với nhà nghiên cứu và nhà đầu tư. Thứ nhất, kết quả phân tích cho thấy ban điều hành của nhóm doanh nghiệp có khả năng tăng trưởng thấp và ít cơ hội đầu tư trong tương lai đã có những quyết định giữ tiền mặt phi kinh tế và có thể ban quản trị doanh nghiệp đã không làm tròn chức năng giám sát và điều chỉnh hành vi của ban điều hành theo lợi ích của cổ đông. Thứ hai, việc các doanh nghiệp Việt Nam có tỉ lệ nắm giữ tiền mặt khá thấp và chủ yếu phục vụ mục đính giao dịch cũng có thể là một dấu hiệu cho thấy năng lực đầu tư nội bộ là thấp. Điều này sẽ hạn chế khả năng đầu tư vào nghiên cứu và phát triển, ảnh hưởng đến khả năng tăng trưởng và cạnh tranh lâu dài của doanh nghiệp., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, This research aims at exploring the current state and the reasons for holding cash of Vietnamese firms. Using a dataset of 199 companies listed on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange in the period from 2011 to 2018, statistical analyses indicate that the median level of cash holding by net assets of Vietnamese firms is about 5.9%, which is lower than firms in many countries in the region. High levels of cash holding only appear among small firms. In addition, the cash holding ratios of firms in all four size quantiles have shrunk since 2016, especially for firms in the smallest size quantile. Regression results show that Vietnamese firms tend to hoard cash when business conditions improve, when they have low growth opportunities, or when business risks increase. On the other hand, Vietnamese firms tend to reduce holding cash when other internal sources of cash substitutes are in abundance or when external fund accessibility improves. These characteristics support the trade-off theory of cash holding, meaning that Vietnamese firms hold cash mainly for transactional and precautionary purposes. Additional analyses show that the rate of adjustment of cash holding toward the target level is about 30% a year. Taken together, the results confirm the hypothesis that Vietnamese firms hold cash for transactional and precautionary purposes, and they constantly reconsider the benefits and costs of adjusting cash holding ratios to the target levels. The research results have two main implications. Firstly, the fact that firms with low growth opportunities have higher cash holding ratios indicates that these firms' board of directors may have been inefficient in monitoring and disciplining the behavior of firms' executives toward shareholder interests. Secondly, the fact that Vietnamese firms have low and dwindling cash holdings in recent years and use their cash stock mainly for transactional and precautionary purposes may be a sign of internal resource deficiency. Given that internal resources are vital to investments in research and development, which in turn contribute to firms' future growth and competitiveness, the current low level cash holding is a bad sign for the future growth as well as the long-term competitiveness of Vietnamese firms.

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