Tính hệ số phát thải khí nhà kính của lưới điện Việt Nam năm 2021

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Tác giả: Lê Hải Hưng

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Ánh sáng & Cuộc sống 2023

Mô tả vật lý: 110-113

Bộ sưu tập: Metadata

ID: 398238

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Chủ đề

Lưới điện của mỗi quốc gia đều được cấu thành từ nhiều loại hình phát điện như nhiệt điện (sử dụng than, dầu, khí đốt), thủy điện (sử dụng sức nước), điện hạt nhân (sử dụng năng lượng hạt nhân) và các loại hình năng lượng tái tạo như điện gió, điện mặt trời, điện sóng biển...Nói chung, tất cả các loại điện năng trên đều phát thải khí nhà kính ở các mức độ khác nhau. Trên bình diện quốc tế, để đánh giá mức độ sạch của lưới điện của một quốc gia, người ta đưa ra khái niệm "Hệ số phát thải của lưới điện quốc gia" đo bằng (tấn CO2/MWh điện). Và hiển nhiên là, quốc gia có lưới điện hệ số phát thải thấp sẽ là quốc gia văn minh hơn, chí ít cũng là ở khía cạnh sử dụng điện năng và bảo vệ môi trường.Ở Việt Nam, hệ số phát thải của lưới điện quốc gia sẽ do Cục biến đổi khí hậu thuộc Bộ tài nguyên và môi trường công bố hàng năm. Thời điểm công bố thông thường vào Quý I của năm sau. Tuy nhiên tính đến thời điểm này đã là tháng 01/2023 mà chúng ta vẫn chưa có số liệu của năm 2021. Việc chậm gần một năm cũng đã gây ra một số khó khăn cho những đơn vị và cá nhân khi phải tính toán phát thải trong lúc thực hiện kiểm kê năng lượng phát thải theo ISO 14064 hay kiểm toán năng lượng. Vì vậy, bài viết xin "cầm đèn chạy trước ô tô", là "Thử tính toán hệ số phát thải của lưới điện Việt Nam 2021" trước khi được cập nhật số liệu chính thức., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, Each country's electricity grid is made up of many types of power generation such as thermal power (using coal, oil, and gas), hydroelectricity (using water power), and nuclear power (using nuclear energy). and other types of renewable energy such as wind power, solar power, and wave power... In general, all of the above types of electricity emit greenhouse gases at different levels. Internationally, to assess the cleanliness of a country's electricity grid, the concept of the "Emissions coefficient of the national grid" is introduced (tons of CO2/MWh of electricity). And obviously, a country with a low-emission grid will be a more civilized country, at least in terms of electricity use and environmental protection. In Vietnam, the emission factor of the national power grid will be announced annually by the Climate Change Department under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The usual announcement time is in the first quarter of the following year. However, up to this point, it is January 2023 and we still do not have data for 2021 (Table 1). The delay of nearly a year has also caused some difficulties for entities and individuals when they have to calculate emissions while performing an ISO 14064 emission energy inventory or an energy audit. Therefore, in this article, we would like to "hold the light in front of the car", as "Try to calculate the emission factor of Vietnam's electricity grid in 2021" before being updated with official data.

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