Chính sách của mạc phủ Tokugawa đối với Phật giáo và những tác động của nó

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Tác giả: Trần Nam Trung

Ngôn ngữ: Vie

Ký hiệu phân loại:

Thông tin xuất bản: Tạp chí Khoa học - Đại học Sư phạm Hà Nội 2020

Mô tả vật lý: 129-136

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ID: 398716

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Năm 1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu đã lập ra Mạc phủ Tokugawa, mở ra thời kì hòa bình lâu dài của Nhật Bản. Nhằm duy trì sự ổn định xã hội, Mạc phủ Tokugawa đã ban hành hàng loạt chính sách trên các lĩnh vực chính trị, kinh tế, văn hóa, xã hội. Đối với Phật giáo, Mạc phủ buộc các gia đình phải đăng kí sinh hoạt tôn giáo cố định tại một ngôi chùa ở địa phương
yêu cầu các tông phái phải phải lập bản kê khai các tự viện trong tông phái của mình
cấmviệc xây dựng các tự viện mới
khích lệ việc học tập và nghiên cứu giới luật của các tự viện trong cả nước. Những chính sách đó đã để lại những tác động nhiều mặt đối với chính quyền Mạc phủ, cũng như Phật giáo. Đối với Phật giáo, những chính sách của Mạc phủ Tokugawa đánh dấu thời kì phục hồi nhưng bị khống chế chặt chẽ của tôn giáo này ở Nhật Bản. Những đặc quyền mà Phật giáo có được đã đem lại quyền lực rất lớn cho các ngôi chùa Phật giáo đối với người dân Nhật Bản từ nông dân tới võ sĩ. Đây cũng là thời kì chứng kiến sự phục hưng học thuật của các tông phái Phật giáo Nhật Bản. Đối với Chính quyền Mạc phủ, Phật giáo bị chính quyền khống chế chặt chẽ, trở thành công cụ hữu hiệu để chống lại Thiên Chúa giáo cũng như quản lí và kiểm soát cư dân, củng cố trật tự xã hội phong kiến., Tóm tắt tiếng anh, In 1603, Tokugawa Ieyasu established the Tokugawa Shogunate, ushering in a long period of Japanese peace. In order to maintain social stability, the Tokugawa Shogunate has issued a series of policies in the fields of politics, economy, culture, and society. For Buddhism, the bakufu forced families to register for permanent religious activities at a local temple
required the sects to make a list of monasteries in their sects
banned the construction of new monasteries
encouraged the learning and researching discipline of monasteries throughout the country. These policies have had a multifaceted impact on the bakufu government, as well as Buddhism. For Buddhism, the policies of the Tokugawa shogunate marked a period of restoration but tightly controlled by this religion in Japan. The privileges that Buddhism possesses have given great power to Buddhist temples to Japanese people from peasants to samurai. This was also a period of witness to the academic revival of the Japanese Buddhist sects. For the bakufu government, Buddhism was tightly controlled by the government, becoming an effective tool to fight against Christianity as well as managing and controlling the inhabitants, and strengthening the feudal social order.

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